Removal of Organic UV Filters Using Enzymes in Spent Mushroom Composts from Fungicultures

Abstract

Organic UV filters in sunscreen products are released to aquatic ecosystems through human recreational activities and urban wastewater treatment plant effluents. The biodegradation of three organic UV filters, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), homosalate (HMS) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), which cannot be effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants, was investigated in this study. Spent mushroom compost (SMC), a waste product of the mushroom industry, which contains white-rot fungus extracellular enzymes, was tested for its ability to remove the three organic UV filters. The results of batch experiments revealed that the SMC enzyme extract of Pleurotus djamor exhibited the highest ability for EHS and HMS removal. The results of bioreactor experiments indicated that direct application of SMCs may be a feasible solution to remove EHS and HMS from urban wastewater. The application of SMCs for the removal of organic UV filters can be developed into a green and sustainable technology.