Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by cattle manure-derived low temperature biochar

Abstract

Biochar is a low cost and renewable adsorbent which can be used to remove dye from wastewater. Cattle manure-derived low temperature biochar (CMB) was studied to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution in this paper. The effect of factors including initial concentration of MB, dosage, contact time, and pH on the adsorption properties of MB onto biochar were studied. Characterization of the CMB and MB adsorbed on CMB was performed using techniques including BET, FTIR and SEM. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism were also studied. The results showed the equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the saturation adsorption capacity of CMB 200 was 241.99 mg g À1 . Pseudo-second order kinetics was the most suitable model for describing the adsorption of MB onto biochar. The adsorption thermodynamics of MB on biochar showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Through zeta potential measurement, Boehm titration, cation exchange, deashing and esterification experiments, the importance of ash to adsorption was verified, as well as the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption mechanism of MB on CMB 200 involved cation exchange, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, physical effects and others. This work shows that CMB 200 holds promise to act as an effective adsorbent to remove MB in wastewater.

Highly Porous and Nutrients-Rich Biochar Derived from Dairy Cattle Manure and Its Potential for Removal of Cationic Compound from Water

“…For instance, the BET surface area of DM-BC (ca. 300 m 2 /g) was significantly higher than those (<186.5 m 2 /g) by other similar studies using dairy manure for the preparation of biochars [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Based on the microporosity (i.e., the ratio of micropore surface area to BET surface area), listed in Table 1, it was close to 0.70, giving an indication of a mesoporosity of about 30%.…”

“…Although there are many researches reusing dairy cattle manure as a feedstock for biochar production, only few studies focused on using the dairy manure-based biochar as an adsorbent or biosorbent for the removal of pollutants from the aqueous solution and soil systems [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Cao and other researchers [6,7] prepared the biochars at low temperatures (200-500 • C), indicating that the resulting biochar (SSA 2.7-13 m 2 /g) can be used as an effective sorbent for removal of lead and atrazine from the aqueous solution.…”

“…Ma et al [11] conducted the aqueous sorption experiments of cadmium (Cd) removal by the biochar, suggesting that the favorable sorption could be attributed to the oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl) in the biochar. Zhu et al [12] performed the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by the biochars produced at 200 and 800 • C (denoted as CMB 200 and CMB 800 , respectively; SSA 0.3 and 3.6 m 2 /g), showing a better MB sorption by CMB 200 due to its strong interactions involving ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and physical adsorption. Chen et al [13] reported the removal of Cd and Pb with the biochars (including the biochar modified by NaOH treatment; SSA 9.4 and 25.9 m 2 /g) produced at 300 • C, revealing that the sorption mechanisms are predominantly controlled by chemisorption and complexation with carboxyl/hydroxyl functional groups.…”

High-efficiency adsorption and regeneration of methylene blue and aniline onto activated carbon from waste edible fungus residue and its possible mechanism

“…The existence of hydrogen bond between hydroxyl of the EFAC and nitrogen of MB could also be attributed to the MB adsorption. 62 Oxygen-containing groups on the EFAC surface like -COOH and -COH can adsorb some MB molecules through hydrogen bonding. Since MB is a planar molecule with an aromatic ring, the p-electrons existing in the molecular structure of MB and the p-electrons on the surface of EFAC will couple to form p-p bonds, thereby promoting adsorption of the MB molecules on the surface.…”

Characterization of Biochars Produced from Dairy Manure at High Pyrolysis Temperatures

“…In order to increase the biochar CEC by embedding more acidic oxygen functional groups on the surface, biochar was further treated with strong oxidants like hydrogen peroxide [39] and ozone [40]. Therefore, the removal of cationic pollutants (e.g., heavy metal ions, cationic dye) from aqueous solutions by using DM-based biochars has been widely studied in the literature [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Figure 6 showed the elemental compositions on the surfaces of the optimal product DMC-900 by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).…”