Removal of fluoride in aqueous solution by adsorption on acid activated water treatment sludge

Characterization and pozzolanic properties of calcined alum sludge

“…The most feasible alternatives to solve the problem of sludge discharge including several reuse options were identified globally such as; for coagulant recovery and reuse [9], as coagulant in wastewater treatment [10], as adsorbent for phosphorus [11], manganese [12] and fluoride [13] from aqueous solutions, as coconditioning and dewatering with sewage sludge [14], as constructed wetlands substrate [15], as soil buffers [16], nutrients reduction in laden soils and runoffs [17], in brick making [18][19][20], in ceramic making [21,22], in pavement and geotechnical works [23], for structural soil improvement [24] and in manufacture of cement [25][26][27][28][29], cementitious materials [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], and light weight aggregate [37,38]. Replacement part of clay by sludge improves the compressive strength of produced cement paste.…”

Material prepared from drinking waterworks sludge as adsorbent for ammonium removal from wastewater

“…In recent decades, the reuse of DWS has catched scholar's interest and attention as sludge disposal cost increases and landfill capacity decreases [1,2]. DWS has been studied extensively as a low-cost adsorbent for removing some pollutants such as phosphorus [3,4], arsenic [5], boron [6], and fluoride [7] from wastewater based on its main components including silicon, aluminum, and iron oxides as well as some clay minerals. It has also been indicated that specific adsorption may be responsible for the removal of these anionic contaminants by DWS and that ligand exchange should be the main adsorption mechanism [8,9].…”

Defluoridation with Locally Produced Thai Bone Char

“…Recently, many attempts have been made to use waste or low cost materials as the absorbent. The materials studied include bauxite [13], montmorillonite [14], activated water treatment sludge [15], waste mud [16], red mud [17], granular ceramic [18], hydrous iron (III)-tin (IV) mixed oxide [19], and schwertmannite [20].…”