The fluoride sorption ability of a locally available bone char is quantified. Both a synthetic solution and natural groundwater samples from several sites are studied and compared to Indian bone char, which is widely accepted and used successfully in India and elsewhere. The Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherms were used to quantify sorption properties. Results show that the Thai bone char is as effective as the Indian bone char for removing fluoride from contaminated water, despite the more rigid physical and social constraints found in rural Thailand. Sorption studies with fluoride-contaminated natural groundwater samples also show that chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates had little effect on the removal of fluoride by the homemade bone char.
Subsurface drainage systems are widely used in agricultural area, when waterlogging and salinity are problems. Subsurface system can also help increasing the potential for infiltration. In this work, an application of subsurface drainage integrated with the decontamination system using activated carbon is proposed as a mean to recharge groundwater during the flood. Concern over the potential contaminating groundwater with urban runoff could be eliminated by the pretreated system incorporated with the recharging unit. A small model of the subsurface system envelope was tested to verify the activated carbon as a potential filled material. The result showed that the slope of the perforated pipe posed little or no effect on the flow rate in pipe due to the size of the model. For this preliminary study, it is highly possible to use activated carbon as filled material in subsurface systems for recharging groundwater.
Abstract-Normally, the subsurface drain is benefit in agricultural area to lower the water table resulting in the increase of the plant productivity. To drain water in some particular areas such as a golf course or rather flat area, the subsurface drain can also be applied. A minor change in the subsurface drain which permeable material in the envelope be replaced by an adsorbent was suggested. This new type of subsurface drain will be served as a sustainable practice to simultaneously discharge surface runoff, reduce the runoff to the drainage system, remove any contaminant from the surface runoff and finally replenish the groundwater. However, clogging is highly possible to occur due to the size of the adsorbent. In this work, the effect of the turbidity to the hydraulic conductivity of two adsorbents; granular activated carbon and a composite material of sand and anthracite was investigated. The source of input water was from a drainage canal in order to have similar turbidity of the surface runoff. Results showed that steady state hydraulic conductivities of both adsorbents were still within the range of typical permeable materials in envelope in this case was gravel. However, it was recommended that granular activated carbon should be selected as a substitute because its steady state hydraulic conductivity was higher than that of a composite material of sand/anthracite and for the practicality during the construction.Index Terms-Shallow aquifer recharge (SAR), subsurface drain, clogging.
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