Removal of extracellular material techniques and pitfalls

Gehr, Ronald; Henry, J.G.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(83)90195-1

Cited by 44 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Th e extraction process was adapted for algae from previou s work on bacteria. [24][25][26] EOM was extracted by th e followin g steps: ph ysical strippin g, ch em ical strippin g, an d con cen tration (Figu re 1). Du rin g ph ysical strippin g, th e algae cells were stripped of an y loosely bou n d polym ers an d m acrom olecu les by sh eer agitation u sin g a blen der at h igh speed for 30 s. Th e blen ded algal sam ple was scru tin ized u n der a compou n d m icroscope † with reverse In dia in k ‡ stain s to determ in e an y dam age to th e algal cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ozone on EOM and coagulation

Paralkar¹,

Edzwald²

1996

Journal AWWA

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Extracellular organic matter from algae affects particle coagulation, depending on the type of algae and the concentration of the extracellular matter. Ozonation of drinking water containing algae sometimes produces beneficial effects on coagulation. These benefits are often attributed to the extracellular organic matter (EOM) from the algae. This study focused on the properties of extracted EOM from three species of algae. Ozonation of EOM reduced its apparent molecular size and hydrophobicity. Ozonation also increased the functional group charge of EOM compounds but decreased the charge as measured by the colloid charge titration. Coagulation experiments with extracted EOM indicated that only small amounts were necessary to neutralize positively charged latex particles. Ozone produced no significant effect on EOM and thus did not affect coagulation of these particles. Alginic acid, a model EOM compound, was compared with the extracted EOM and behaved similarly to the high‐molecular‐size extracted EOM.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ozone on EOM and coagulation

Paralkar¹,

Edzwald²

1996

Journal AWWA

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“…Different isolation techniques were developed to recover EPS from pure cultures, mixed-species flocs, and biofilms from various environments, aiming to determine the quantitative composition of EPS, to elucidate the chemical structure of EPS, to examine the physicochemical properties of EPS, and to study biological functions of EPS [6,13,14,61,62].…”

Section: Eps Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, structure, and function of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial biofilm in biological wastewater treatment systems: a review

Salama¹,

Chennaoui

Sylla

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

120

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2015): Characterization, structure, and function of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial biofilm in biological wastewater treatment systems: a review, Desalination and Water TreatmentTo link to this article: http://dx. A B S T R A C TA review concerning the definition, extraction, characterization, production, and functions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment reactors is given in this paper. EPS are a complex high-molecular-weight mixture of polymers excreted by microorganisms, produced from cell lysis and adsorbed organic matter from wastewater. The EPS fill and form the space between the biofilm constituents, e.g. prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms which inhabit the aggregates. It seems that the EPS matrix may serve as a multipurpose functional element of microbial communities, including adhesion, structure, protection, recognition, and physiology. Due to the metabolic activity of the cells, gradients develop and create different habitats within small distances, allowing a wide variety of organisms to settle and grow in the aggregate. As many of these organisms produce their specific EPS, it is not surprising that an extremely wide variety of microbial aggregates result. All of them have in common their highly hydrated extracellular matrix which is the place the organisms shape their very own microhabitat in which they live. However, as EPS are very complex, the knowledge regarding EPS is far from complete and much work is still required to fully understand their precise roles in the biological treatment process.

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“…Although it is common practice (see, e.g., Jin et al, 2003;Sponza, 2003;Comte et al, 2006;Li and Yang, 2007;Sheng et al, 2007), the activated sludge samples were neither concentrated before extraction nor were they washed with a buffer or distilled water, because this would mean a loss of SMP (Gehr and Henry, 1983).…”

Section: Extraction Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Reliable and Generic Applicable Soluble Microbial Polymer Extraction Protocol

Dierdonck

Impe

Smets

2012

Environmental Engineering Science

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Extractions of extracellular polymeric substances, be it in their soluble (soluble microbial polymers [SMPs]) or extractable (extractable extracellular polymers) form, are commonplace in activated sludge research. However, a large variety of extraction protocols exists. This study focuses on the SMP polymers extraction. A literature survey revealed the prevalence of four extraction protocols: centrifugation, centrifugation combined with filtration, filtration, and sedimentation; but even within each of these protocols, the applied extraction conditions vary extensively. To decrease this variety, the impact of different extraction conditions was first investigated. In a second step, the different extraction protocols were compared with each other in terms of the extracted amount of SMP and their repeatability. Finally, a validation test on the different types of sludge was performed. This led to the conclusion that centrifugation (5000 g for 10 min) followed by filtration (prerinsed filter of 11 lm pore size) is the most reliable and generic applicable SMP extraction protocol.

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Removal of extracellular material techniques and pitfalls

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of ozone on EOM and coagulation

Effect of ozone on EOM and coagulation

Characterization, structure, and function of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial biofilm in biological wastewater treatment systems: a review

Toward a Reliable and Generic Applicable Soluble Microbial Polymer Extraction Protocol

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