Removal of encapsulant Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) from solar cells of photovoltaic modules (PVMs)

Trivedi, Harish; Meshram, Arunabh; Gupta, Rajeev

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.08.109

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…In terms of waste solvent treatment, in most of cases, it is impossible to achieve the integration recovery, and some extraction processes may take more time and also emit greenhouse gases along with other harmful gases that pose a health risk when inhaled. The use of both inorganic and organic solvents to separate EVA can lead to nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions [47]. Moreover, the loss of conventional rare materials, such as aluminum and glass, is a concern.…”

Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Chiang,

Han,

Claire

et al. 2024

Clean Technol.

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In the past few decades, the solar energy market has increased significantly, with an increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) modules being deployed around the world each year. Some believe that these PV modules have a lifespan of around 25–30 years. As their lifetime is limited, solar panels wind up in the waste stream after their end of life (EoL). Several ecological challenges are associated with their inappropriate disposal due to the presence of hazardous heavy metals (HMs). Some studies have reported different treatment technologies, including pyrolysis, stabilization, physical separation, landfill, and the use of chemicals. Each proposed treatment technique pollutes the environment and underutilizes the potential resources present in discarded solar panels (DSPs). This review recommends thermal plasma pyrolysis as a promising treatment technology. This process will have significant advantages, such as preventing toxic HMs from contaminating the soil and groundwater, reducing the amount of e-waste from DSPs in an environmentally friendly and economical way, and allows the utilization of the valuable resources contained in EoL photovoltaic solar panel modules by converting them into hydrogen-rich syngas to generate thermal energy, electricity, and non-leachable slag that can be used as an additive in other treatment processes or as a conditioner to improve soil properties. However, plasma pyrolysis uses a high temperature to break down waste materials, a challenge which can be offset by the integration of this process in anaerobic digestion (AD), as the slag from plasma pyrolysis can be used as an additive in AD treatments to produce high yields of biogas and improve nutrient recovery. Moreover, the produced energy from both processes can operate the entire plant in which they take place and increase the net energy production, a resource which can be sold for an additional income. Future challenges and recommendations are also highlighted.

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Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Chiang,

Han,

Claire

et al. 2024

Clean Technol.

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Determination of Chain Transfer Constants of Alcohols for High‐Pressure Polyethylene Polymerization

Euler Bueno,

Zentel,

Busch

2024

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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In low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) production, low‐molecular‐weight species are used as chain transfer agents (CTAs). They reduce the degree of polymerization, which has an impact on the polymer properties, such as processability. To specifically adjust the product properties, a detailed understanding of the transfer kinetics to CTAs is indispensable. Thus, the transfer activity of various primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols as well as diols was investigated experimentally between 120 °C and 250 °C at 2000 bar. The results were evaluated using the Mayo and chain length distribution (CLD) method, and the latter was found to give more reliable results. It was observed that the hydroxy group systematically increases transfer activity compared to alkanes. Additionally, a linear increase of transfer activity with the number of hydrogen atoms is found.

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Removal of encapsulant ethylene-vinyl acetate for recycling of photovoltaic modules: Hansen solubility parameters analysis

Trivedi,

Yadav,

Meshram

et al. 2024

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Removal of encapsulant Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) from solar cells of photovoltaic modules (PVMs)

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Sustainable Treatment of Spent Photovoltaic Solar Panels Using Plasma Pyrolysis Technology and Its Economic Significance

Determination of Chain Transfer Constants of Alcohols for High‐Pressure Polyethylene Polymerization

Removal of encapsulant ethylene-vinyl acetate for recycling of photovoltaic modules: Hansen solubility parameters analysis

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