Removal of diclofenac from wastewater: A comprehensive review of detection, characteristics and tertiary treatment techniques

Magnetic sodium alginate grafted with waste carbonaceous material for diclofenac sodium removal: optimization of operational parameters and process mechanism

“…All of these hold immense potential for creating a cleaner world. 7 Because of their energy-intensive nature, costly upkeep, and waste production of noxious leovers, these technologies are not yet widely adopted. 8,9 It is imperative to create a process that is both efficient and cost-effective.…”

Super-adsorbent microspheres based on a triallyl isocyanurate–maleic anhydride copolymer for the removal of organic pollutants from water

“…When the pH value is 11, the deprotonation of PEI occurs and the carboxyl groups on the Cat-TMs make it negatively charged, so it shows electrostatic repulsion to DS and loses its adsorption capacity. The above description shows that the Cat-TMs can maintain a high adsorption capacity in a wide pH range (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) and desorb DS at high pH (≥11), which provides a theoretical basis for the reuse of the adsorbent.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Diclofenac sodium (DS) is often recognized as the 'world's most popular pain killer' and the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis. 2,6 DS has been detected in surface water, groundwater, and even in drinking water of different countries because of its non-biodegradability and poor removal efficiency, which affects both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. 7,8 How to effectively remove DS from water has become a worldwide issue.…”

Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation

“…Residues of diclofenac which are not removed at the stage of biological purification result in its discharge to surface waters, which are often a source of drinking water [ 38 , 39 ]. The disclosure of the problem initiated a number of scientific studies focused on finding technical and material solutions to increase the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals that resistant to degradation [ 40 , 41 ]. The most frequently mentioned alternatives are adsorption [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], membrane separation [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], and advanced oxidation processes [ 48 , 49 , 50 ], as well as hybrid methods [ 51 ].…”

“…The high degree of toxicity of diclofenac and its metabolites among a wide range of NSAIDs [ 13 , 62 ], lack of legal regulations imposing control and reduction of this compound [ 63 ], and susceptibility to increased efficiency of diclofenac removal with variable parameters of activated sludge in biological wastewater treatment technologies have become the driving force to conduct the presented research [ 41 ].…”