Removal of chlorpyrifos insecticide in constructed wetlands with different plant species

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to evaluate the remediation of water containing the insecticide chlorpyrifos by using constructed wetlands (CW) cultivated with Polygonum punctatum, Cynodon spp. and Mentha aquatica, operated under different hydraulic retention times: 24, 48, 96, 144 and 192 h. The system efficiency was based on reduction of the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos and toxicity of the contaminated water. The results showed that constructed wetlands are an excellent alternative for remediation of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in aqueous medium. It was observed that the average overall removal efficiency of the insecticide was 98.6%, and in the first hydraulic retention time, 24 h, chlorpyrifos was removed to levels below the detection limit in all CW. This result is mainly attributed to adsorption and microbial degradation. For the qualitative standard acute toxicity tests with Daphnia similis, for most samples there was a reduction in toxicity greater than 80%. It was reported that the ecotoxicological tests with the effluents of the constructed wetland are a good option as an indicator of the effectiveness of treatments and a promising alternative to complement the physical and chemical analyses.Remoção do inseticida clorpirifós em sistemas alagados construídos cultivados com diferentes espécies vegetais R E S U M O Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a remediação de água contendo o inseticida clorpirifós, por meio de sistemas alagados construídos (SAC) cultivados com as espécies Polygonum punctatum, Cynodon spp. e Mentha aquatica operados sob diferentes tempos de retenção hidráulica: 24, 48, 96, 144 e 192 h. A eficiência do sistema foi baseada na redução da concentração inicial do clorpirifós e toxicidade da água contaminada. Os resultados mostraram que os sistemas alagados construídos são uma excelente alternativa na biorremediação do inseticida clorpirifós no meio aquoso. Observou-se média geral de eficiência na remoção do inseticida de 98,6%, sendo que no primeiro tempo de retenção hidráulica, 24 h, houve remoção do clorpirifós para valores inferiores ao limite detecção para todos os SAC. Tal resultado é atribuído principalmente aos processos de adsorção e degradação microbiana. Para os ensaios padronizados qualitativos de toxicidade aguda com Daphnia similis, para a maioria das amostras observou-se a redução de toxicidade acima de 80%. Constatou-se que os testes ecotoxicológicos com os efluentes dos sistemas alagados construídos estudados são uma boa opção como indicativo da eficiência dos tratamentos e uma promissora alternativa na complementação de análises físicas e químicas.

Insight into the Environmental Fate, hazard, Detection, and Sustainable Degradation Technologies of Chlorpyrifos - An Organophosphorus Pesticide

“…In recirculating vertical ow-built wetland systems, Tang et al, (2019) observed 98% chlorpyrifos elimination using Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, and Typha orientalis. Similarly, 98% of chlorpyrifos was removed by a constructed wetland that was planted with Polygonum punctatum, Cynodon spp., and Mentha aquatic (Souza et al, 2017). In the published research, variations in organic carbon, moistness, application level, and bacterial activity were blamed for the variances in chlorpyrifos breakdown rates (Racke, 1993).…”

A Review on Constructed Treatment Wetlands for Removal of Pollutants in the Agricultural Runoff

“…Besides antibiotics, pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, have been studied intensively and shown to be highly removable through constructed wetlands [78][79][80][81][82]. Most of the studies showed that biodegradation and adsorption were the primary removal mechanisms of such chemicals from the CW system.…”

“…However, Souza et al's study (2017) showed no significant differences in pesticide removal among Polygonum punctatum, Cynodon spp. and Mentha aquatica [81].…”

Pesticide sorption and mitigation efficiency of a detention pond in a Champagne vineyard catchment

“…The presence of macrophytes enhances the mitigation efficiency of DPs by reducing hydraulic flow and allowing a greater residence time for sedimentation, by increasing the contact time of water with vegetation and sediment, and by creating habitats for organisms that enhance degradation ( Grégoire et al., 2009 ; Elsaesser et al., 2011 ; Maillard et al., 2011 ; Guo et al., 2014 ; Vymazal and Březonivá 2015 ; De Souza et al., 2017 ). The removal of contaminants is 5–30 % higher in vegetated wetlands than in nonvegetated ponds ( Rose et al., 2006 ; Lyu et al., 2018 ; Liu et al., 2019 ) depending on the season ( Maillard and Imfeld, 2014 ) and plant species ( Elsaesser et al., 2011 ).…”

“…Many studies have been conducted on Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia ( Grégoire et al., 2009 ; Maillard et al., 2011 ; Guo et al., 2014 ; Liu et al., 2019 ), the most planted emergent species in DPs, but fewer have been conducted on Iris pseudacorus (Malyan et al., 2021). To our knowledge, only one has been conducted in presence of Mentha aquatica ( De Souza et al., 2017 ). Although it is known that the adsorption of pesticides is a key process in DPs, the assessment of sorption on emergent macrophytes, especially their roots anchored in the sediments, has been little explored.…”