Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China

Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Optimization of wetland substrates and hydraulic loading

“…A previous study reported that the macrolides were mainly removed in the biological treatment unit (Zhou et al, 2013). It is worth noting that the removal rates of ETM-H 2 O by the mesocosm-scale CWs were quite higher than those reported in other treatment facilities (Gulkowska et al, 2008;Li and Zhang, 2010). For example, ETM-H 2 O has been reported not removed in the aerobic biological treatment process (Li and Zhang, 2010).…”

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and associated environmental risks in the central and lower Yangtze river, China

“…Therefore, considerable amount of antibiotics can enter the river via the discharge of city sewer. In addition, conventional activated sludge treatment processes can only partially remove antibiotics from the wastewater (Chang et al, 2010;Gulkowska et al, 2008), and discharge of treated wastewater can also introduce antibiotics into the river.…”

Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

“…So far, extensive studies have been conducted on the occurrence of antibiotics in the influent and effluent of WWTPs (Gulkowska et al, 2008;Karthikeyan and Meyer, 2006;Zorita et al, 2009), while only limited information was available on the occurrence and distribution patterns of antibiotics in sludge mainly due to its high complex matrix (Jelic et al, 2011;Kümmerer, 2009). It was reported that the concentrations of antibiotics ranged from μg/kg to a few mg/kg in sewage sludge from different countries, such as Estonian (Lillenberg et al, 2009), Italy (Zuccato et al, 2010), Spain (Nieto et al, 2010;Radjenović et al, 2009), Switzerland (Göbel et al, 2005), USA (Kinney et al, 2006), Japan (Okuda et al, 2009) and China (Xu et al, 2007).…”