Removal of Ammonia from the Municipal Waste Treatment Effluents using Natural Minerals

Abstract

Due to various ecological problems, it is required to remove the ammonia nitrogen from wastewater. Industrial wastewater that was not subjected to any purification was used in this study, while most processes described in the literature were carried out using synthetically prepared solutions. The study investigated the removal of ammonium ions using ion exchange on various commercial minerals, in 3 h long batch ion-exchange experiments. Furthermore, research on the sodium chloride activation of the selected mineral was conducted. The screening of the mineral with the highest removal potential was conducted taking into account the adsorption capacity (q) and maximal removal efficiency (E), based on the NH4+ ions changes determined using the selective electrode and spectrophotometric cuvette tests. The highest adsorption capacity (q = 4.92 mg/g) of ammonium ions with the maximum removal efficiency (52.3%) was obtained for bentonite, with a 0–0.05 mm particle size. After pretreatment with a 1 mol/L NaCl solution, maximum efficiency increments were observed (55.7%). The Langmuir adsorption isotherm corresponds well with the equilibrium adsorption data (R2 from 0.97 to 0.98), while the Freundlich model was found to be mismatched (R2 = 0.77). Based on these results it was concluded that natural sorbents may be effectively applied in wastewater treatment. It can be observed that as the size of sorbent particles gets lower, the adsorption capacity, as well as the removal efficiency, gets higher. The bentonite pretreatment with the NaCl solution did not result in the expected efficiency improvement. The 2 mol/L solution affected about 3.5% of the removal efficiency yield.

Treatment of Low-Strength Rubber Industry Wastewater Using a Combined Adsorbents and Membrane Technologies

“…However, the removal e ciencies were observed to decline after 90 minutes. It is similar to study of Seruga et al (2019) that the highest adsorption capacity of ammonium ions with the maximum removal e ciency (52.3%) was obtained for bentonite with a 0-0.05 mm particle size in 3 h of contact time [39]. Figure 6 also showed a decline in the average ammonia-nitrogen concentration from 9.5 mg/L to 3.4 mg/L (64.2%) produced by the application of the adsorbent combination and UF/RO.…”

Ammonia Bioremediation from Aquaculture Wastewater Effluents Using Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003: Impact of Biodiesel Residue and Potential of Ammonia-Loaded Biomass as Rotifer Feed

“…Nitrogen is a main chemical compound for life and industrial use, while ammonia is an integral component of the nitrogen cycle life and is a source of free nitrogen. Industrial wastewater, agricultural activities, and municipal effluents increase the ammonia nitrogen discharges into environmental resources [ 7 ]. Ammonium pollution affects the aquatic quality of water bodies, resulting in severe environmental problems such as pH shift, cyanotoxin creation, oxygen reduction, eutrophication of downstream liquids, enhanced eutrophication of rivers and lakes, and exhaustion of dissolved oxygen, being toxic aquatic animals at a level greater than 1.9 mg·L −1 [ 8 , 9 ].…”

The Adsorption of Ammonium Nitrogen from Milking Parlor Wastewater Using Pomegranate Peel Powder for Sustainable Water, Resources, and Waste Management

“…Many methods, including biological processes, air stripping, and membrane technologies, have been developed to remove and recover NH4-N from wastewater, though all of these methods have shown many disadvantages [7,8]. However, adsorption technology has proven to have promising features, such as its simplicity, cost effectivity, and potential to recover and reuse ammonium [9].…”