Removal of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution by granular activated carbon/nanoscale zero valent iron based on Response Surface Modeling

Abstract

NomenclatureRSM Response surface methodology BBD Box-Behnken factorial design AC Activated carbon NZVI Nano zero-valent iron SEM scanning electron microscope EDS electron dispersion spectrometer XRD x-ray diffraction PEG polyethylene glycol q e the amount of 4-CP adsorbed (mg l Keywords: response surface methodology, 4-chlorophenol, NZVI/AC.- Abstract:The phenolic compounds are known as priority pollutants, even in low concentrations, as a result of their toxicity and non-biodegradability. For this reason, strict standards have been established for them. In addition, chlorophenols are placed in the 38th to 43th in highest priority order of toxic pollutants. As a consequence, contaminated water or wastewaters with phenolic compounds have to be treated before discharging into the receiving water. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used in order to optimize the effect of main operational variables responsible for the higher 4-chlorophenol removal by Activated Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (AC/NZVI). A Box-Behnken factorial Design (BBD) with three levels was applied to optimize the initial concentration, time, pH, and adsorbent dose. The characterization of adsorbents was conducted by using SEM-EDS and XRD analyses. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of 4-chlorophenol on AC and AC/NZVI under various conditions were studied. The model anticipated 100% removal effi ciency for AC/NZVI at the optimum concentration (5.48 mg 4-chlorophenol/L), pH (5.44), contact time (44.7 min) and dose (0.65g/L). Analysis of the response surface quadratic model signifi ed that the experiments are accurate and the model is highly signifi cant. Moreover, the synthetic adsorbent is highly effi cient in removing of 4-chlorophenol.

Multimetal bioremediation from aqueous solution using dead biomass of Mucor sp. NRCC6 derived from detergent manufacturing effluent

“…7 a, b), the amount of O(II) decreased from 72.71 to 40.16% while the amount of C increased from 27.29 to 52.77% in the multimetal-loaded sample. In line with our results, Majlesi and Hashempour ( 2017 ) reported that the appearance of a peak at the energy level of Kα = 0.5 keV, Lα = 0.93 keV, and Mα= 8.91 keV deduced the successfulness of metal ion adsorption onto the fungal surface. Furthermore, Hoque and Fritscher ( 2019 ) stated that SEM-EDX analysis revealed the binding and precipitation of metal ions as spherical nano-particles (~50–100 nm) at the outer electro-negative cell wall-surface of Mucor sp.…”

The influence of chlorine substitution on the adsorption of chlorophenols on HDTMA-modified halloysite in aqueous solutions

“…Moreover, many adsorbents have limited ability to adsorb phenols Yu 2006, Yousef andEl-Eswed 2009). Among others, carbonaceus and polymeric adsorbents, zeolites, and clays are used to remove phenol and chlorophenols from water (Damjanović et al 2010, Chen et al2017, Huang et al 2012, Hu et al 2012, Madannejad et al 2018, Majlesi and Hashempour 2017, Qiu et al 2014, Sarkar et al 2010, Su et al 2011, Yu et al 2004, Xie et al 2012.…”

The effect of Saharan dust on the copper uptakeby Lemna minor

“…There are numerous removal studies regarding contaminants, using various methods such as granular activated carbon/nanoscale zero valent iron (Majlesi and Hashempour 2017), electroless copper plating process (Thomas et al 2018a), sodium trithiocarbonate (Thomas et al 2018b), zeolite bearing tuff (Zendelska et al 2018), and UV-Fenton method (Thomas et al 2018c). Various contaminants such as textile dye (Deshmukh et al 2016), persistent organic pollutants (Chakraborty and Das 2016), metals (Sidhoum and Fortas 2019), nanoparticles (Fikirdeşici-Ergen and Üçüncü-Tunca 2018) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Kuppusamy et al 2016) were tested by removal studies.…”