Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature Can Be Used to Estimate Ecosystem Respiration in Intact and Disturbed Northern Peatlands

Abstract

Peatlands cover only ∼3% of the global land area (J. Xu et al., 2018), but they store 21% of global terrestrial soil carbon (C) (Scharlemann et al., 2014), which is double the amount in the world's forests (Pan et al., 2011). Approximately 80% of peatland C stock is stored in peatlands north of 45°N (Yu et al., 2010). Historically, intact northern peatlands have acted as a vast C sink with an estimated average rate of C accumulation of 18.6 g/m 2 per year (Yu, 2011).Intact peatlands bind atmospheric CO 2 as C within peat (Clymo et al., 1998;Salm et al., 2012). However, peatlands also lose C through CH 4 emissions due to shallow (ground-) water table depths (WTDs) and anoxic conditions in the peat layer (Waddington & Roulet, 2000). CH 4 has a more significant radiative efficiency than CO 2 but a much shorter lifetime in the atmosphere (Change, 2013). Therefore, over a millennial time

Peatland restoration pathways to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and retain peat carbon

“…For natural reference and drained peatlands the following literature sources served as the basis of this figure: Abdalla et al 2016 ; Aitova et al 2023 ; Bardule et al 2023 ; Bianchi et al 2021 ; Bieniada & Strack 2021 ; Brummell et al 2017 ; Burdun et al 2021 ; Busman et al 2023 ; Clement et al 2020 ; Couwenberg et al 2010 ; Daun et al 2023 ; Frolking et al 2011 ; Griffis et al 2020 ; Günther et al 2020 ; Hergoualc’h and Verschot 2014 ; Hyvönen et al 2009 ; Inubushi et al 2003 ; Järveoja et al 2016a , b ; Jauhiainen et al 2008 , 2012 , 2019 , 2023 ; Jordan et al 2020 ; Kandel et al 2020 ; Kull 2016 ; Maddison et al 2016 ; Mander et al 2008 , 2012 , 2016 ; Melling et al 2007 ; Nugent et al 2018 ; Oestmann et al 2022 ; Oktarita et al 2017 ; Pärn et al 2023 ; Petrescu et al 2015 ; Rosset et al 2022 ; Sakata et al 2015 ; Salm et al 2012 ; Sjögestren et al 2011 ; Takakai et al 2006 ; Tang et al 2018 ; Toma et al 2011 ; Truu et al 2020 ; Turetsky et al 2014 ; Veber et al 2021 , 202X; Wilson et al 2016a , b ; Wong et al 2018 .…”

“…2015–Mar.2017 Rich P.arundinacea flooded plots − 3970 to − 5970 450 to 1,110 4.0 to 5.5 Kandel et al 2020 Rich P.arundinacea semi-flooded plots − 2650 to − 4990 160 to 710 4.0 to 6.0 Kandel et al 2020 Emergent crops Global review Average of 6 literature sources 174 1.68 Bianchi et al 2021 Vaccinium spp. Saint-Louis-de-Blandford, 46°15’N, 72°00’W Canada, Quebec Growing season 2012, 2013 Poor Cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) 27 0.61 Lloyd et al 2019 Maima 58°35′54″N, 24°22′ 36″E Estonia (a) Poor Naturally regenerated cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ) − 799 68.5 2.0 Burdun et al 2021 Laiuse 58°47′17″N, 26°31′ 47″E Estonia (a) Poor Naturally regen. Cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ) − 837 31.4 − 0.0...…”

“… Saint-Louis-de-Blandford, 46°15’N, 72°00’W Canada, Quebec Growing season 2012, 2013 Poor Cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) 27 0.61 Lloyd et al 2019 Maima 58°35′54″N, 24°22′ 36″E Estonia (a) Poor Naturally regenerated cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ) − 799 68.5 2.0 Burdun et al 2021 Laiuse 58°47′17″N, 26°31′ 47″E Estonia (a) Poor Naturally regen. Cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ) − 837 31.4 − 0.002 Viru et al 2020 ; Burdun et al 2021 Ess-soo 57°54′51″N, 26°41′ 26″E Estonia (a) Poor Naturally regen. cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ) − 707 5.4 0.08 Viru et al 2020 ; Burdun et al 2021 Sphagnum spp Nordhümmlinger Moore Rewetted former peat mining area Sphagnum site 53 °02’ N, 7°29’ E Germany June 2010–Dec.…”

“…Cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ) − 837 31.4 − 0.002 Viru et al 2020 ; Burdun et al 2021 Ess-soo 57°54′51″N, 26°41′ 26″E Estonia (a) Poor Naturally regen. cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ) − 707 5.4 0.08 Viru et al 2020 ; Burdun et al 2021 Sphagnum spp Nordhümmlinger Moore Rewetted former peat mining area Sphagnum site 53 °02’ N, 7°29’ E Germany June 2010–Dec. 2011 Poor Sphagnum cuspidatum, Eriophorum angustifolium, Molinia caerulea − 949 233 − 2.58 Beyer & Höper 2015 Sphagnum cultivation June 2010–Dec.…”

“…2013 Poor Sphagnum palustre cultivation − 5470 to − 6290 10–14 0.01 Günther et al 2017 Sep. 2011–Aug. 2013 Poor Sphagnum papillosum cultivation − 8750 to − 8980 12–27 − 1.0 to 1.0 Günther et al 2017 Ess-soo 57°54′51″N, 26°41′ 26″E Estonia (a) Poor Dredged hollow with naturally regenerated Sphagnum − 702 380 0.07 Viru et al 2020 ; Burdun et al 2021 Maima 58°35′54″N, 24°22′ 36″E Estonia (a) Poor Dredged hollow with naturally regenerated Sphagnum − 740 116 − 0.11 Viru et al 2020 ; Burdun et al 2021 Provinzial-moor 52°40’ N, 07°06’ E Germany Mar. 2017–Mar.…”