Remote sounding of atmospheric temperature from satellites V. The pressure modulator radiometer for Nimbus F

Curtis, P.D.; Houghton, J. T.; Peskett, G. D.; Rodgers, C. D.

doi:10.1098/rspa.1974.0042

Cited by 57 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The SSU used the selective chopping technique (Houghton and Smith, 1970), combined with a Pressure Modulator similar to that used on Nimbus-6 (Curtis et al, 1974). Radiation centred at 665 cm −1 was filtered through a Pressure Modulator Cell (PMC) and a supplementary interference filter of bandwidth 60 cm −1 .…”

Section: Principles Of Operation Of the Ssumentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Stratospheric Sounding Unit radiance observations for climate trends and reanalyses

Nash

Saunders

2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Stratospheric Sounding Units (SSU) on the NOAA polar‐orbiting satellites measured infrared radiances in the 15 μm CO2 band between late 1978 and mid‐2006. From these radiances a time series of layer‐mean stratospheric temperatures has been derived by several groups. Discrepancies in these temperature analyses have been highlighted recently and efforts are now underway to resolve the differences between them. This article is the Met Office response summarising the issues to be resolved in creating a climate data record from the different SSUs, including corrections for radiometric, spectroscopic and tidal differences. Calibration issues identified include the SSU space‐view anomaly and radiometric anomalies in the NOAA‐9 observations. The spectroscopic correction required for changing pressures in the pressure modulator cells is also outlined. The most important correction for the time series is for the solar diurnal and semi‐diurnal tides as the satellite overpass local times change. Comparisons with other stratospheric temperature trend analyses are made and the reasons for the differences discussed. The time series presented here show sustained drops in stratospheric temperatures at all levels after the El Chichon and Pinatubo eruptions but only small trends to lower temperatures between eruptions.

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Section: Principles Of Operation Of the Ssumentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Stratospheric Sounding Unit radiance observations for climate trends and reanalyses

Nash

Saunders

2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…Houghton argued that if planetary waves in either the winter or the summer hemisphere were controlling the mean meridional circulation, then the summer mesopause temperature, which is particularly sensitive to the strength of the mean meridional circulation, should fluctuate in response to the level of planetary wave activity. That such correlations were not found using either the Nimbus 6 pressure modulated radiometer data of Curtis et al [1974] or the Nimbus 5 selective chopper radiometer data analyzed by Hirota [1975Hirota [ , 1976 led Houghton to conclude that planetary waves are not the primary vehicle for the transport of momentum into the middle atmosphere. Planetary waves can also be excluded from consideration because observations indicate (see Figure 5) that mesospheric momentum sources are required to reverse the vertical shear of the mean zonal wind in both winter and summer hemispheres, whereas quasi-stationary planetary waves cannot propagate through regions of easterly mean winds [Charney and Drazin, 1961].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity wave saturation in the middle atmosphere: A review of theory and observations

Fritts¹

1984

Reviews of Geophysics

555

335

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This paper provides a review of recent advances in our understanding of gravity wave saturation in the middle atmosphere. A brief discussion of those studies leading to the identification of gravity wave effects and their role in middle atmosphere dynamics is presented first. This is followed by a simple development of the linear saturation theory to illustrate the principal effects. Recent extensions to the linear saturation theory, including quasi‐linear, nonlinear, and transient effects, are then described. Those studies addressing the role of gravity wave saturation in the mean circulation of the middle atmosphere are also discussed. Finally, observations of gravity wave motions, distribution, and variability and those measurements specifically addressing gravity wave saturation are reviewed.

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“…instead of differencing signals that proceed along separate optical paths, as in the SCR, there is only a single path through a gas cell in which the pressure is modulated, thus yielding an AC signal representing the difference in signal between the extreme CO 2 gas cell pressures (Curtis et al, 1974). The P1V[R avoids the spurious signals that may originate in the SCR from a lack of balance between the two optical paths.…”

Section: Preliminary Results Have Been Reportedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological satellite accomplishments

Allison¹,

Arking²,

Bandeen³

et al. 1975

Reviews of Geophysics

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The year 1975 marks the fifteenth anniversary of the U.S. meteorological satellite program, which began on April 1, 1960, when the Tiros 1 experimental satellite was launched. Television pictures taken by the spinning Tiros 1, in a near‐earth, non–sun‐synchronous orbit, were often oblique and poorly illuminated. Nevertheless, they showed the organization of weather systems with a clarity never before seen and revealed phenomena that previously were unknown. Within a few days of the launch of Tiros 1 the new data were being used operationally to improve weather services [National Environment Satellite Service (NESS), 1971]. At the same time extensive research was carried out to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere and to develop techniques to utilize the new type of data.

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Remote sounding of atmospheric temperature from satellites V. The pressure modulator radiometer for Nimbus F

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

A review of Stratospheric Sounding Unit radiance observations for climate trends and reanalyses

A review of Stratospheric Sounding Unit radiance observations for climate trends and reanalyses

Gravity wave saturation in the middle atmosphere: A review of theory and observations

Meteorological satellite accomplishments

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