Remote sensing observations of pre‐earthquake thermal anomalies in Iran

Choudhury, Swapnamita; Dasgupta, Sudipta; Saraf, A. K.; Panda, Santosh K.

doi:10.1080/01431160600851827

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Thermal (Ouzounov and Freund, 2004) 6 16 (Saraf and Choudhury, 2005a) 13 (Choudhury et al, 2006) 7 (Pulinets et al, 2006) 7 (Saraf and Choudhury, 2005b) 8 earthquake, which would have occurred between 29 September and 13 October 2009, is estimated to have been greater than M w = 8.0. Therefore, the radius of the affected area is estimated to have been greater than 41.30 km.…”

Section: Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1980, Russian researchers detected thermal anomalies prior to an earthquake in central Asia using satellite images. Then, other researchers reported more observations on thermal anomalies before strong earthquakes (Qiang et al, 1999, Tronin, 2000, Tronin et al 2002, Saraf and Choudhury, 2005a, b, Ouzounov and Freund, 2004, Choudhury et al, 2006and Genzano et al, 2007. Some remote sensing satellites can measure the radiations coming from the earth in thermal bands and provide useful information prior to earthquakes.…”

Section: Thermal Anomaly Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

Saradjian¹,

Akhoondzadeh²

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Usually a precursor alone might not be useful as an accurate, precise, and stand-alone criteria for the earthquake parameters prediction. Therefore it is more appropriate to exploit parameters extracted from a variety of individual precursors so that their simultaneous integration would reduce the parameters's uncertainty.In our previous studies, five strong earthquakes which happened in the Samoa Islands, Sichuan (China), L'Aquila (Italy), Borujerd (Iran) and Zarand (Iran) have been analyzed to locate unusual variations in the time series of the different earthquake precursors. In this study, we have attempted to estimate earthquake parameters using the detected anomalies in the mentioned case studies.Using remote sensing observations, this study examines variations of electron and ion density, electron temperature, total electron content (TEC), electric and magnetic fields and land surface temperature (LST) several days before the studied earthquakes. Regarding the ionospheric precursors, the geomagnetic indices D st and K p were used to distinguish pre-earthquake disturbed states from the other anomalies related to the geomagnetic activities.The inter-quartile range of data was utilized to construct their upper and lower bound to detect disturbed states outsides the bounds which might be associated with impending earthquakes.When the disturbed state associated with an impending earthquake is detected, based on the type of precursor, the number of days relative to the earthquake day is estimated. Then regarding the deviation value of the precursor from the undisturbed state the magnitude of the impending earthquakeCorrespondence to: M. Akhoondzadeh (makhonz@ut.ac.ir) is estimated. The radius of the affected area is calculated using the estimated magnitude and Dobrovolsky formula.In order to assess final earthquake parameters (i.e. date, magnitude and radius of the affected area) for each case study, the earthquake parameters obtained from different earthquake precursors were integrated. In other words, for each case study using the median and inter-quartile range of earthquake parameters, the bounds of the final earthquake parameters were defined. For each studied case, a close agreement was found between the estimated and registered earthquake parameters.

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Section: Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Anomaly Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

Saradjian¹,

Akhoondzadeh²

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…By using NOAA AVHRR satellite thermal images, Tronin used thermal remote sensing data to observe abnormal infrared radiation in a seismically active region in central Asia (Tronin, 1996). Analogous remotely sensed images were also used in Russia, China, India, Mexico and other countries (Choudhury et al, 2006;Genzano et al, 2007;Ouzounov and Freund, 2004;Ouzounov et al, 2007;Pulinets et al, 2006;Qiang et al, 1997;Tronin, 2000). Furthermore, thermal remote sensing products have also been employed in the study of the relationship between thermal variations and seismic activity, such as outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and temperature of a black body (TBB) Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary evaluation of surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor

Zhang

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.The relationship between variations in surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and marine earthquakes has been a popular subject of recent seismological studies. So far, there are two key problems: how to identify the abnormal SLHF variations from complicated background signals, and how to ensure that the anomaly results from an earthquake. In this paper, we proposed four adjustable parameters for identification, classified the relationship and analyzed SLHF changes several months before six marine earthquakes by employing daily SLHF data. Additionally, we also quantitatively evaluate the long-term relationship between earthquakes and SLHF anomalies for the six study areas over a 20 yr period preceding each earthquake. The results suggest the following: (1) before the South Sandwich Islands, Papua, Samoa and Haiti earthquakes, the SLHF variations above their individual background levels have relatively low amplitudes and are difficult to be considered as precursory anomalies; (2) after removing the clustering effect, most of the anomalies prior to these six earthquakes are not temporally related to any earthquake in each study area in time sequence; (3) for each case, apart from Haiti, more than half of the studied earthquakes, which were moderate and even devastating earthquakes (larger than M w = 5.3), had no precursory variations in SLHF; and (4) the correlation between SLHF and seismic activity depends largely on data accuracy and parameter settings. Before any application of SLHF data on earthquake prediction, we suggest that anomaly-identifying standards should be established based on long-term regional analysis to eliminate subjectivity. Furthermore, other factors that may result in SLHF variations should also be carefully considered.

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“…Then, the seismological regions are affected by the rainfall-triggered stress, where the lithospheric natural gasses are exhausted from the tectonic fractures. The gas exhaustion from stressed seismic areas may include of radon (Rn), noble gases (e.g., He, Ne and Ar), and reaction gasses (e.g., CO 2 , SO 2 , and CH 4 ) (Hsu et al 2010) together with a localized greenhouse condition (Choudhury et al 2006). The increased rainfall-triggered stresses may be related to earth's crust electromagnetic (EM) emissions (Pulinets 2011) and sub-surface degassing.…”

Section: Temporal Data and Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric blocking anomalies as the synoptic precursors prior to the induced earthquakes: a new climatic conceptual model

Daneshvar

Tavousi

Khosravi

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Blocking as an interruption of the climatological storm tracks means an extreme disturbance in the synoptic scale of atmospheric circulation. In this study, we aimed to describe the main role of atmospheric blocking on the earthquake prediction in the southern Iran. We gathered the subjective evidences of a block generation during April 5-9, 2013, which was clearly identified by anomalous data of geopotential height, air temperature, vertical velocity, rainfall rate and latent heat flux. Analysis of geopotential heights at the 500 and 300 hPa levels revealed that there was a dipole split-flow block with associated of a remarkable low-pressure anomaly (-76 m), which has established over southern Iran during April 5-9, 2013. This low pressure into three temporal sequences has influenced three epicenters of upcoming earthquake swarms in south parts of Iran during April and May 2013. Hence, we detected an atmosphericlithospheric cycle as a climatic conceptual model that describes the chain of the blocking-associated rainfall, preceding rainfall-triggered seismic stress, cyclogenesis, thunderstorm and subsequent stress-induced seismicity. We claimed that the blocking-associated anomalies together with the persistence of low pressure could be the earthquake precursors within 3-33 days before the main seismic shocks in Iran.

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Remote sensing observations of pre‐earthquake thermal anomalies in Iran

Cited by 74 publications

References 9 publications

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

A preliminary evaluation of surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor

Atmospheric blocking anomalies as the synoptic precursors prior to the induced earthquakes: a new climatic conceptual model

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