Remote Real-Time Monitoring of Subsurface Landfill Gas Migration

Fay, Cormac; Doherty, Aiden; Beirne, Stephen; Collins, Fiachra; Foley, Colum; Healy, John; Kiernan, Breda M.; Lee, Hyowon; Maher, Damian; Orpen, Dylan; Phelan, Thomas; Qiu, Zhengwei; Zhang, Kirk; Gurrin, Cathal; Corcoran, Brian; O’Connor, Noel E.; Smeaton, Alan F.; Diamond, Dermot

doi:10.3390/s110706603

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A previous work [15] showed that three operations are carried out for methane measurement in a landfill: baseline, sampling and purge. The first introduces atmospheric air to the chamber, the second measures methane and the purge, sucks the sampled gas away.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Methane Monitoring System for Landfill and Duct Emissions

Hahn¹,

Grande²

2020

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Methane is released from waste disposal areas as a result from anaerobic decay of food. Methane causes more greenhouse effects than carbon dioxide so a methane monitoring system is required to warn its release from gas emitting environments. The low explosive limit of methane is 5% in ambient air, so gas leakage is dangerous and can produce explosions. An entire head monitoring system was built around a MQ-4 methane gas sensor as it is cheap and reliable. The design proves to be flexible enough as it can measure CH 4 emissions in ducts, CH 4 in landfills at different depths and even in cattle barns. The measuring system head consists of a suction pump, solenoids, and a methane sensor. Measurements are taken 13 seconds after methane gas sucking. A timing of 100 seconds is required for purging the chamber before the second solenoid is turned-on. Devices temperature during operation was sampled with a thermal Flir-One camera and solenoid coil temperature was of 24.9˚C after a continuous operation of 30 seconds. As hoses for emission sampling become larger time for sampling increases as well as energy consumption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Methane Monitoring System for Landfill and Duct Emissions

Hahn¹,

Grande²

2020

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“…This was ideally suited for environmental systems as, in most cases, such devices are deployed in remote locations without access to local hot spots (e.g., WiFi or locally placed base stations). Furthermore, the infrastructure allowed for many sensing nodes (i.e., scope), and the data were sent via SMS, which required a quick energy burst for reduction of energy; see [ 65 ] for more details. For the home energy monitoring, the data were transmitted via Zigbee-based protocol to a local receiver (base station), and the household’s Internet connection was used for data delivery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green IoT Event Detection for Carbon-Emission Monitoring in Sensor Networks

Fay,

Corcoran,

Diamond

2023

Sensors

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This research addresses the intersection of low-power microcontroller technology and binary classification of events in the context of carbon-emission reduction. The study introduces an innovative approach leveraging microcontrollers for real-time event detection in a homogeneous hardware/firmware manner and faced with limited resources. This showcases their efficiency in processing sensor data and reducing power consumption without the need for extensive training sets. Two case studies focusing on landfill CO2 emissions and home energy usage demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. The findings highlight significant power savings achieved by minimizing data transmission during non-event periods (94.8–99.8%), in addition to presenting a sustainable alternative to traditional resource-intensive AI/ML platforms that comparatively draw and produce 20,000 times the amount of power and carbon emissions, respectively.

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“…Thus, this technique is not yet suitable for applications, where it is necessary to resolve lower CO 2 concentrations, e.g., for air-quality monitoring [54]. However, there might be other use cases such as human breath analysis [10] or landfill gas monitoring [11]. In the case of H 2 , we can use our own study as a benchmark.…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, these sensors exhibit a measurement range limited to a few percent [2] which also applies to catalytic [7] and work function-based sensors [8,9]. For certain applications, such as human breath analysis [10], or landfill gas monitoring [11], however, a large measurement range is more important than an ultra-low resolution limit. Optical [12][13][14] and mechanical [15,16] sensors do have a large measurement range but at the expense of a slow response time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Miniaturized Gas Sensor for H2 and CO2 Detection Based on the 3ω Method

Berndt

Muggli

Heckel

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Gas concentration monitoring is essential in industrial or life science areas in order to address safety-relevant or process-related questions. Many of the sensors used in this context are based on the principle of thermal conductivity. The 3ω-method is a very accurate method to determine the thermal properties of materials. It has its origin in the thermal characterization of thin solid films. To date, there have been very few scientific investigations using this method to determine the thermal properties of gases and to apply it to gas measurement technology. In this article, we use two exemplary gases (H2 and CO2) for a systematical investigation of this method in the context of gas analysis. To perform our experiments, we use a robust, reliable sensing element that is already well established in vacuum measurement technology. This helix-shaped thin wire of tungsten exhibits high robustness against chemical and mechanical influences. Our setup features a compact measurement environment, where sensor operation and data acquisition are integrated into a single device. The experimental results show a good agreement with a simplified analytical model and FEM simulations. The sensor exhibits a lower detection limit of 0.62% in the case of CO2, and only 0.062% in case the of H2 at an excitation frequency of 1Hz. This is one of the lowest values reported in literature for thermal conductivity H2 sensors.

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Remote Real-Time Monitoring of Subsurface Landfill Gas Migration

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Design of a Methane Monitoring System for Landfill and Duct Emissions

Design of a Methane Monitoring System for Landfill and Duct Emissions

Green IoT Event Detection for Carbon-Emission Monitoring in Sensor Networks

A Robust Miniaturized Gas Sensor for H2 and CO2 Detection Based on the 3ω Method

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