Remote electrochemical sensor for monitoring TNT in natural waters

Wang, Joseph; Bhada, R.K.; Lü, Jian; MacDonald, Douglas

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00702-2

Cited by 97 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Fluorescent organic polymers, which are quenched by nitroaromatic explosives, [3,4] luminescent polysilole nanoparticles (NPs), [5,6] or fluorescent silicon NPs quenched by nitroaromatic vapors enabled the development of optical sensors. The electrochemical activity of the nitro groups of TNT provided the basis for developing voltammetric sensors for this explosive, [7,8] and recently, a composite of Au NPs linked to electrodes enabled a sensitive electrochemical detection of TNT.[9] Also, different sensing matrices, such as cyclodextrin polymers, [10] carbowax, [11] or silicon polymers, [12] were used for TNT analysis by surface acoustic wave devices, and the aggregation of functionalized Au NPs in the presence of TNT was used to develop an optical sensor for the explosive.[13] Similarly, antibody-based optical [14][15][16] or microgravimetric quartz-crystal-microbalance [17] biosensors for TNT were developed. Different optical [18,19] or voltammetric [20] sensors for RDX were also reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imprinted Au‐Nanoparticle Composites for the Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX)

2010

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The analysis of explosives attracts recent research efforts due to homeland security needs and the broad demand for the clearance of minefields. While numerous studies have addressed the development of sensing platforms for nitroaromatic explosives, and specifically trinitrotoluene (TNT), the detection of more hazardous explosives, such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) or pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), is less developed and needs further efforts, particularly the improvement of the sensitivities associated with the analyses of these substrates.[1,2] Different optical, electrochemical, or microgravimetric sensors or biosensors for TNT were reported. Fluorescent organic polymers, which are quenched by nitroaromatic explosives, [3,4] luminescent polysilole nanoparticles (NPs), [5,6] or fluorescent silicon NPs quenched by nitroaromatic vapors enabled the development of optical sensors. The electrochemical activity of the nitro groups of TNT provided the basis for developing voltammetric sensors for this explosive, [7,8] and recently, a composite of Au NPs linked to electrodes enabled a sensitive electrochemical detection of TNT.[9] Also, different sensing matrices, such as cyclodextrin polymers, [10] carbowax, [11] or silicon polymers, [12] were used for TNT analysis by surface acoustic wave devices, and the aggregation of functionalized Au NPs in the presence of TNT was used to develop an optical sensor for the explosive.[13] Similarly, antibody-based optical [14][15][16] or microgravimetric quartz-crystal-microbalance [17] biosensors for TNT were developed. Different optical [18,19] or voltammetric [20] sensors for RDX were also reported. These included the fluorescence detection of RDX with an acridinium dye, [18] or the application of NADH-functionalized quantum dots.[21] Also, a competitive fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of RDX was reported.[22] The sensitivities accomplished by these methods are, however, unsatisfactory for analyzing trace amounts of the RDX explosive.Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a versatile method for probing changes in the refractive index occurring on thin metal films as a result of recognition events or chemical reactions. [23,24] Numerous SPR sensors and biosensors were developed, [25][26][27] and metal NPs were implemented to enhance the SPR response and to amplify SPR-based sensors. [28,29] The electronic coupling between the localized plasmon of the metallic NPs (e.g., Au NPs) and the surface plasmon wave enhances the SPR response and, thus, the labeling of recognition complexes with metallic NPs amplifies the sensing events. Different biosensing processes, such as DNA hybridization, [30] formation of immunocomplexes, [31] and the probing of biocatalytic transformations, [32] used Au NPs as labels for amplified SPR analyses. Recently, composites of bisaniline-crosslinked Au NPs were electropolymerized on Au electrodes, and the resulting matrices were used for the ultrasensitive SPR detection of TNT.[33] The formation of p-donor-acceptor complexes ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imprinted Au‐Nanoparticle Composites for the Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX)

2010

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“…By providing a fast return of analytical information in a timely and cost-effective fashion, such devices offer direct and reliable monitoring of explosive compounds and characterization of explosive-contaminated sites, while greatly reducing the high analytical costs and minimizing errors associated with the sampling process. Such real-time electrochemical monitoring of explosive compounds has been accomplished in our laboratory through on-line [22] and submersible [23] operations.…”

Section: Continuous Monitoring Of Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensing of Explosives

2007

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This article reviews recent advances in electrochemical sensing and detection of explosive substances. Escalating threats of terrorist activities and growing environmental concerns have generated major demands for innovative fielddeployable tools for detecting explosives in a fast, sensitive, reliable and simple manner. Field detection of explosive substances requires that a powerful analytical performance be coupled to miniaturized low-cost instrumentation. Electrochemical devices offer attractive opportunities for addressing the growing explosive sensing needs. The advantages of electrochemical systems include high sensitivity and selectivity, speed, a wide linear range, compatibility with modern microfabrication techniques, minimal space and power requirements, and low-cost instrumentation. The inherent electroactivity of nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitroester compounds makes them ideal candidates for electrochemical detection. Recent activity in various laboratories has led to the development of disposable sensor strips, novel electrode materials, submersible remote sensors, and electrochemical detectors for microchip (Lab-onChip) devices for on-site electrochemical detection of explosive substances. The attractive behavior of these electrochemical monitoring systems makes them very promising for addressing major security and environmental problems.

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“…Electrochemical techniques, particularly pulse voltammetry, have been widely used for remote [6] and continuous [7] monitoring of nitroaromatic explosive compounds. However, there are no early reports on the electrochemical detection or sensing of DMNB or related nitro-aliphatic compounds, despite the fact that the nitro group is an excellent electron acceptor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Voltammetric Sensing of the 2,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (Dmnb) Explosive Taggant

Wang

Thongngamdee

2006

Electroanalysis

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The highly sensitive voltammetric detection of the 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), a required additive to commercial plastic explosives, is described. The protocol relies on a fast square-wave voltammetric measurement of the DMNB explosive taggant at an unmodified carbon fiber electrode using a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) solution. Different solutions and working electrodes were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, a linear response is observed over the 300 -3000 mg/L DMNB concentration range examined, with a detection limit of 60 mg/L. A highly stable response, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6%, is observed for 30 repetitive measurements. Such electrochemical approach offers great promise for a simple, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive field screening of plastic explosives. Preliminary data illustrate the utility of electrochemical detection for electrophoretic microchips for the simultaneous measurements of DMNB, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN).

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Remote electrochemical sensor for monitoring TNT in natural waters

Cited by 97 publications

References 9 publications

Imprinted Au‐Nanoparticle Composites for the Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX)

Imprinted Au‐Nanoparticle Composites for the Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX)

Electrochemical Sensing of Explosives

Sensitive Voltammetric Sensing of the 2,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (Dmnb) Explosive Taggant

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