Remineralization of enamel caries by an amelogenin-derived peptide and fluoride in vitro

Abstract

Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world. This study was tantamount to investigate the combinatory effects of an amelogenin-derived peptide (called QP5) and fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries. The peptide QP5 was synthesized and characterized, and the binding capability of the peptide on hydroxyapatite (HA) and demineralized tooth enamel surface was analysed. Then, the mineralization function of the peptide and fluoride was studied through the spontaneous mineralization testing and remineralization on enamel caries in vitro. First, the novel peptide QP5 could bind on the hydroxyapatite and demineralized tooth enamel surfaces. Second, QP5 can transitorily stabilize the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and direct the transformation into hydroxyapatite crystals alone and in combination with fluoride. In addition, compared to blocks treated by peptide QP5 alone or fluoride, the sample blocks showed significantly higher surface microhardness, lower mineral loss and shallower lesion depth after treatment with a combination of QP5 and fluoride at high or low concentrations. The peptide QP5 could control the crystallization of hydroxyapatite, and combinatory application of peptide QP5 and fluoride had a potential synergistic effect on the remineralization of enamel caries.

Bioactive Synthetic Peptides for Oral Tissues Regeneration

“…Artificial lesions: 50 mM acetic acid (pH 4.5), 2.2 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , 2.2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 5.0 mM NaN 3 , and 0.5 ppm NaF; at 37°C for 3 days Promotes the remineralization of enamel caries. Bind on the enamel surface, can stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), it can control the crystallization of hydroxyapatite (HA) Lv et al (2015); Han et al (2017); Kind et al (2017); Mukherjee et al (2019); Ding et al (2020) Remineralization: 12 days at 37°C pH cycling model. Remineralization solution: 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 0.9 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 1.5 mM CaCl 2 , 130 mM KCl, 1.0 mM NaN 3 for 22 h In vivo study in rat caries model using the sprague-dawley rat model of early enamel lesions induced by S. mutans Ame-CT16-HA6-1 (16 carboxyl-terminal residues of amelogenin join to a sequence of SVSVG-MKSPRR denominated HA6-1)…”

“…In combination with carboxymethyl chitosan and ACP, form enamel-like apatite crystals and bind to demineralized enamel specifically Chung and Huang (2013); Chung and Li (2013); Kind et al (2017); Xiao et al (2017); Ding et al (2020) Artificial lesions: 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s Remineralization: Simulated saliva (1.5 mM Ca 2+ , 0.9 mM HPO 4 , and HEPES) for 7 days Tufteline derived peptide (TDP)…”

“…In vitro study in human third molars Nucleation of HA crystals and promotion of remineralization of initial carious lesions Chung and Huang (2013); Chung and Li (2013); Kind et al (2017); Xiao et al (2017); Ding et al (2020) Artificial lesions: 50 mM acetic acid (pH 4.5), 2.2 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , 2.2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 5.0 mM NaN 3 , and 0.5 ppm NaF at 37°C for 3 days Remineralization: 12 days pH cycling model remineralization solution: 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 0.9 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 1.5 mM CaCl 2 , 130 mM KCl, and 1.0 mM NaN 3 for 22 h DPP-derived peptide: (8DSS)…”

“…The tyrosine-rich peptides (TRAP) domain derived from amelogenin N-terminus has been associated with matrix selfassembly meanwhile, the amelogenin central polyproline repeat region could control crystal spacing, and the hydrophilic C-terminus facilitates amelogenin protein solubility and its adhesion to the crystal surface (Han et al, 2017;Dissanayake et al, 2020;Farooq and Bugshan, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). On the other hand, leucine-rich peptides (LRAP) can promote both, enamel crystal nucleation and growth in mouse models (Ding et al, 2020). LRAP improves the remineralization of enamel surface lesions on extracted teeth in vitro more effectively than full-length amelogenin (Han et al, 2017;Dissanayake et al, 2020;Farooq and Bugshan, 2020;Wang et al, 2020) and has been modified with phosphorylation using a calcium and phosphaterich solution forming spherical nanoparticles in a linear chainlike pattern.…”

Mapping the Inorganic and Proteomic Differences among Different Types of Human Teeth: A Preliminary Compositional Insight

“…Besides these aforesaid inorganic players, protein molecules are known to be the key influencers of tooth development [ 20 ], biomineralization [ 1 , 21 , 22 ], and can also aid in regeneration potentials [ 23 , 24 ], despite this fact not many proteomic studies have been attempted in the past. Proteomic studies from individual tooth tissues like dentin [ 25 , 26 ] and pulp [ 27 ] are reported in the past.…”