Remineralization of demineralized bone matrix in critical size cranial defects in rats: A 6‐month follow‐up study

Abstract

The key drawback of using demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is its low initial mechanical stability due to the severe depletion of mineral content. In the present study, we investigated the long-term regeneration of DBM in a critical size bone defect model and investigated the remineralization after 6 months. Bone defects were created in the cranium of male Wistar rats which were filled with DBM or left empty as negative control. In vivo bone formation was monitored with computed tomography after 11, 19, and 26 weeks postoperatively. After 6 months, parietal bones were subjected to micro-CT. Mineral content was determined with spectrophotometric analysis. After 11 weeks the DBM-filled bone defects were completely closed, while empty defects were still open. Density of the DBM-treated group increased significantly while the controls remained unchanged. Quantitative analysis by micro-CT confirmed the in vivo results, bone volume/tissue volume was significantly lower in the controls than in the DBM group. The demineralization procedure depleted the key minerals of the bone to a very low level. Six months after implantation Ca, P, Na, Mg, Zn, and Cr contents were completely restored to the normal level, while K, Sr, and Mn were only partially restored. The remineralization process of DBM is largely complete by the 6th month after implantation in terms of bone density, structure, and key mineral levels. Although DBM does not provide sufficient sources for any of these minerals, it induces a faster and more complete regeneration process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1336-1342, 2016.

Serum albumin as a local therapeutic agent in cell therapy and tissue engineering

“…Our recent data showed the same attachment pattern of mesenchymal stem cells on albumin coated demineralized bone matrix (DBM) after 6, 12 and 24 hr . DBM alone is capable of fully regenerating even bone defects of critical size, but due to the low concentration of osteogenic factors, the process is rather slow . By making the biomaterial attractive for multipotent cells, albumin possibly increases the local stem cell number and speeds up the ossification.…”

Comparison between Micro-Computed Tomography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Bone Quality and a Long-Term Volumetric Study of the Augmented Sinus Grafted with an Albumin Impregnated Allograft

“…Allogenic bone overcomes donor site morbidity, and its available quantity is not restricted by patient-specific anatomical characteristics of the donor regions selected for bone harvesting. According to preclinical studies, albumin impregnation induces mesenchymal stem cell growth on the surface of freeze-dried bone allograft [14][15][16]. Studies show that allografts completely remodel into the newly formed bone of the maxilla when used as a graft material for sinus floor elevation [17,18].…”

Translation of a solution-based biomineralization concept into a carrier-based delivery system via the use of expanded-pore mesoporous silica

“…The present translational strategy represents an important step in the application of contemporary biomineralization concepts, especially for in-situ remineralization of bone and teeth. For example, the translational strategy of biomineralization presented here has potential clinical applications in the remineralization of localized osteoporotic bone defects [51]. Another perceived in vivo application of the delivery strategy is the incorporation of PA-ACP@AF-MSN paste as nanofillers in hydrophilic dental adhesive resins that are used to bond tooth-colored fillings to decayed teeth.…”