Abstract:Cadmium is a toxic metal for living organisms and an environmental contaminant. Soils in many parts of the world are slightly too moderately contaminated by Cd due to long term use and disposal of Cd-contaminated wastes. Cost effective technologies are needed to remove cadmium from the contaminated sites. Soil phytoextraction is engineering based, low cost and socially accepted developing technology that uses plants to clean up contaminants in soils. This technology can be adopted as a remediation of cadmium f… Show more
“…Opposite tendencies in the Cd distribution in different parts of mustard plants to that presented in our studies were shown by Singh et al ( 2012b ), who claim that mustard is unsafe and not suitable for cultivation on Cd-contaminated soils. However, other researchers also recognized mustards, especially Indian mustard, as a high biomass crop species that accumulates substantial amounts of Cd (Salt et al 1995 ; Bhadkariya et al 2014 ). Fig.…”
This study evaluated the possibility of improving the macronutrient status of Cd-stressed white mustard ‘Rota’ using intensive S nutrition. Three S-SO4 (2, 6, 9 mM S) and four CdCl2 doses (0, 0.0002, 0.02, 0.04 mM Cd) in the Hoagland’s nutrient solution were conducted for 14 days. High S supply (6 or 9 mM) appears, to some extent, to affect positively the macronutrient status of Cd-stressed mustard. It increased roots and shoots contents of K and S, without significant changes in P content. Simultaneously, Mg content in shoots and roots remained stable, but Mg bioaccumulation was elevated. Shoot Ca content at the lowest and medium Cd dose decreased, whilst was unaffected at the highest Cd treatment. Intensive S nutrition of Cd-stressed mustard increased root N content and accumulation at the highest Cd concentration, but the N content dropped in above-ground parts. The bioaccumulation of remained macronutrients in general was substantially elevated together with enhanced Cd accumulation. Thus, the intensive S nutrition can enhance mustard tolerance to Cd stress by improvement macronutrients relations in plants, and S supplementation may be recommended for mustard cultivation on the Cd-contaminated areas.
“…Opposite tendencies in the Cd distribution in different parts of mustard plants to that presented in our studies were shown by Singh et al ( 2012b ), who claim that mustard is unsafe and not suitable for cultivation on Cd-contaminated soils. However, other researchers also recognized mustards, especially Indian mustard, as a high biomass crop species that accumulates substantial amounts of Cd (Salt et al 1995 ; Bhadkariya et al 2014 ). Fig.…”
This study evaluated the possibility of improving the macronutrient status of Cd-stressed white mustard ‘Rota’ using intensive S nutrition. Three S-SO4 (2, 6, 9 mM S) and four CdCl2 doses (0, 0.0002, 0.02, 0.04 mM Cd) in the Hoagland’s nutrient solution were conducted for 14 days. High S supply (6 or 9 mM) appears, to some extent, to affect positively the macronutrient status of Cd-stressed mustard. It increased roots and shoots contents of K and S, without significant changes in P content. Simultaneously, Mg content in shoots and roots remained stable, but Mg bioaccumulation was elevated. Shoot Ca content at the lowest and medium Cd dose decreased, whilst was unaffected at the highest Cd treatment. Intensive S nutrition of Cd-stressed mustard increased root N content and accumulation at the highest Cd concentration, but the N content dropped in above-ground parts. The bioaccumulation of remained macronutrients in general was substantially elevated together with enhanced Cd accumulation. Thus, the intensive S nutrition can enhance mustard tolerance to Cd stress by improvement macronutrients relations in plants, and S supplementation may be recommended for mustard cultivation on the Cd-contaminated areas.
“…One good example of metal hyperaccumulators may be Zea mays (maize) (Wang et al 2007 ). Among the representatives of Brassicacae family, studies have widely investigated Brassica juncea , B. oleracea , B. rapa , Arabidopsis halleri , and A. thaliana (Nanda Kumar et al 1995 ; Jahangir et al 2008 ; Bhadkariya et al 2014 ; Kazemi-Dinan et al 2014 ).…”
Different factors, such as starvation and metal exposure, may affect development and cause oxidative stress in insects. Some host plants may contain a high concentration of cadmium due to their hyperaccumulating property. The negative effects of metals and hunger may be manifested by low availability of energetic substrates. This study aimed to assess whether the insect population with a history of long metal exposure may better manage metal stress or/and starvation at different developmental stages, with the use of energetic substrates. Two strains of Spodoptera exigua model organism were tested: control strain and cadmium strain (treated continuously for over 200 generations with subtoxic amounts of cadmium). The effects of different factors, individually and in combination, on the tested strains were assessed, first by determining the body weight of larvae and pupae and then by estimating the concentration of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, or glycogen) in the 4th and 5th larval stages and in pupae, and the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation level in the 4th larval stage. Compared to control strain, cadmium strain individuals exhibited changes in the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and protein. This was partly related to earlier 1-day starvation. In particular, changes in carbohydrate concentration seemed to be a sensitive biomarker of metal stress, independent of the age of individuals and period of starvation. However, the increase in the total antioxidant capacity and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the 4th larval stage under the effect of cadmium was dependent on strain origin.
“…The infected fish were seen to suffer direct damage by Sclerocollum sp that included destruction of villi, hemorrhage, erosion of submucosa along parasites capsule and separation of submucosa from mucosa, among other observations. Bhadkariya et al (2014) also examine the area of bioremediation, focusing on the removal of Cadmium (Cd), a toxic material, from the soil. As the authors state, Cd is a heavy metal, and is considered a serious soil and environment pollutant due to its potential toxicity at low concentrations.…”
examine the effect of salt conditions on some growth attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence in 10 Sugar Beet genotypes. Sugar beet plants were irrigated with saline water, with different levels of conductivity. Results indicated that all the studied growth attributes such as leaf area, leaf number, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate were decreased in salinity stress conditions. The findings indicated that salinity caused a decrement of light utilization through increased values of fluorescence origin, decreased values of fluorescence maximum, and maximum yield of quantum in photosystem-II. Genotypes exhibited different behavior
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