Remediating tar-contaminated soils at manufactured gas plant sites

Luthy, Richard G.; Dzombak, David A.; Peters, Catherine A.; Roy, Sujoy B.; Ramaswami, A.; Nakles, David V.; Nott, Babu R.

doi:10.1021/es00055a002

Cited by 205 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…4 Some investigations have proved successfully to manipulate the hazardous substance in aqueous solution by zero-valent iron (ZVI) recently. The trichloroethylene (TCE) and atrazine were dechlorinated effectively by ZVI, 5,6 as well as by the synthesized nanoscale iron (Fe 0 ) packed in columns. 7 The dechlorination by ZVI was capable to stepwise reduce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in contaminated soil into octachlorinated dibenzo-pdioxin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Pyrene Using Ground Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron

Chang

Shu

Hsieh³

et al. 2007

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The sites contaminated with recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are serious environmental problems ubiquitously. Some PAHs have proven to be carcinogenic and hazardous. Therefore, the innovative PAH in situ remediation technologies have to be developed instantaneously. Recently, the nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles have been successfully applied for dechlorination of organic pollutants in water, yet little research has investigated for the soil remediation so far. The objective in this work was to take advantage of nanoscale ZVI particles to remove PAHs in soil. The experimental factors such as reaction time, particle diameter and iron dosage and surface area were considered and optimized. From the results, both microscale and nanoscale ZVI were capable to remove the target compound. The higher removal efficiencies of nanoscale ZVI particles were obtained because the specific surface areas were about several dozens larger than that of commercially microscale ZVI particles. The optimal parameters were observed as 0.2 g iron/2 mL water in 60 min and 150 rpm by nanoscale ZVI. Additionally, the results proved that nanoscale ZVI particles are a promising technology for soil remediation and are encouraged in the near future environmental applications. Additionally, the empirical equation developed for pyrene removal efficiency provided the good explanation of reaction behavior. Ultimately, the calculated values by this equation were in a good agreement with the experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Pyrene Using Ground Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron

Chang

Shu

Hsieh³

et al. 2007

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Meanwhile, the trichloroethylene (TCE) and atrazine were feasibly reductive dechlorinated by ZVI. [11][12] The long-term performance of ZVI, packed in columns, for reductive dechlorination of TCE was also investigated successfully during a 2-year period. 13 The persistent organic compound, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, in contaminated soil was reductive dechlorinated by ZVI, which was capable of stepwise degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin into octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, enhanced the solubility by 4 -6 orders over its solubility at ambient conditions.…”

Section: Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for the Remediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soil

Chang

Shu

Hsieh

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The sites contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with multiple benzene rings, are colossal and ubiquitous environmental problems. They are relatively nonbiodegradable and mutagenic, and 16 of them are listed in the U.S. Environment Protection Agency priority pollutants. Thus, the efficient and emerging remediation technologies for removal of PAHs in contaminated sites have to be uncovered urgently. In this decade, the zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles have been used successfully in the laboratory, pilot, and field, such as degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and remediation of the other pollutants. Nevertheless, as far as we know, little research has investigated for soil remediation; this study used nanoscale ZVI particles to remove pyrene in the soil. The experimental variables were determined, including reaction time, iron particle size, and dosage. From the results, both the micro-and nanoscales of ZVI were capable of removing the target compound in soil, but the higher removal efficiencies were by nanoscale ZVI because of the massive specific surface area. The optimal operating conditions to attain the best removal efficiency of pyrene were obtained while adding nanoscale ZVI 0

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“…This type of soil is typical of many former MGP sites (Luthy et al, 1994). The contaminated soil was prepared by mixing coal tar sludge obtained from a former MGP site in New Bedford, Massachusetts with the air-dried sand and gravel mixture.…”

Section: Soil Mixture Preparation and Geotechnical Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A by-product of coal gasification was coal tar, a dense, non-aqueous phase liquid that was often disposed of on-site in wells, pits and lagoons. Coal tar was also introduced into the subsurface environment due to leaks and spills from tanks and piping networks, as well as the dismantling of plants taken out of service (Luthy et al, 1994). The total number of sites in the U.S. contaminated with coal tar is estimated to be more than 32,000 (Hatheway, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%