Remarkably Active Catalysts for the Electroreduction of O[sub 2] to H[sub 2]O for Use in an Acidic Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Methanol

Jiang, Rongzhong; Chu, Deryn

doi:10.1149/1.1394109

Cited by 149 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Another approach is to develop methanol-tolerant cathode catalysts such as binary platinum alloys containing Co, Ni, Fe and Cr [5][6][7]. Various transition-metal macrocycles [8][9][10] and ruthenium-based chalcogenides [11,12] have also been tested as methanol-tolerant oxygen cathodes because these compounds are inactive toward the oxidation of methanol. However, the catalytic activities of these catalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) are still lower than those of Pt-based catalysts, and the long-term stability under fuel cell conditions at high potentials has not been well tested as compared to Pt-based catalysts [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt–Sn/C as a Possible Methanol-Tolerant Cathode Catalyst for DMFC

et al. 2013

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An effective method was developed for preparing highly dispersed nano-sized Pt-Sn/C electrocatalyst synthesised by a modified polyol reduction method. From XRD patterns, the Pt-Sn/C peaks shifted slightly to lower 2θ angles when compared with commercial Pt/C catalyst, suggesting that Sn formed alloy with Pt. Based on HR-TEM images, the PtSn/C nanoparticles showed small particle sizes and well dispersed onto the carbon support with a narrow particle distribution. The methanol oxidation reaction on the asprepared Pt-Sn/C catalyst appeared at lower currents (+7.08 mA at +480 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) compared to the commercial Pt/C (+8.25 mA at +480 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) suggesting that the Pt-Sn/C catalyst has 'methanol tolerance capabilities'. Pt-Sn/C HA Slurry pH3 catalysts showed better activity towards the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) than commercial Pt/C which could be attributed to smaller particle sizes. In our study, the Pt-Sn/C catalyst appears to be a promising methanol-tolerant catalyst with activity towards the ORR in the DMFC. IntroductionIn recent years, considerable attention and R&D funding have been injected into direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technologies. There are a large number of applications for DMFCs especially in stationary devices, portable electrical devices and transportation [1]. The use of methanol as a fuel has a few advantages in comparison to hydrogen. For example, methanol is an inexpensive liquid fuel which can be easily transported, stored and handled [1,2]. However, despite these advantages and progress made in the development of DMFCs, the performance is still limited due to the poor kinetics of both anode and cathode reaction and the methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode side through the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) [3,4]. In many cases, this methanol crossover issue decreases the fuel cell efficiency and produces mixed currents due to methanol oxidation on the cathode side, resulting in cell voltage losses [2][3][4]. Moreover, the crossover effect in the DMFC membrane causes a further decrease in the cathode efficiency due to the occurrence of a mixed potential, which results from the competitive reaction between oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation on Pt cathode [5]. To avoid this problem, one strategy is to modify the existing membranes or to develop novel membranes with less methanol permeability. Another approach is to develop methanol-tolerant cathode catalysts such as binary platinum alloys containing Co, Ni,. Various

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt–Sn/C as a Possible Methanol-Tolerant Cathode Catalyst for DMFC

et al. 2013

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“…For example, Jiang and Chu [14,15] synthesized a series of single and binary heat-treated metalloporphyrins (such as HT-CoTPP, HT-FeTPP, and HT-FeTPP/CoTPP) and evaluated their catalytic activity for the ORR. They found that the catalytic activity of binary FeTPP/CoTPP catalysts was much better than that of single CoTPP or FeTPP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of carbon-supported binary FeCo–N non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Kim

Pan

et al. 2010

Electrochimica Acta

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited.In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:

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“…Non-noble metal catalysts based on chalcogenides [36][37][38][39] and macrocycles of transition metals [40][41][42][43][44] have shown good activity for the ORR. However these materials did not yet match the catalytic activity of dispersed platinum.…”

Section: Ii2 New Preparation Methods Of Efficient Electrode Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do not forget the electrochemical characteristics of the membrane electrode assembly when designing a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stack

Lamy

Jones

Coutanceau

et al. 2011

Electrochimica Acta

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International audienceThe membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the key component of a PEMFC stack. Conventional MEAs are composed of catalyzed electrodes loaded with 0.1-0.4 mgPt cm−2 pressed against a Nafion® membrane, leading to cell performance close to 0.8 W cm−2 at 0.6 V. Due to their limited stability at high temperatures, the cost of platinum catalysts and that of proton exchange membranes, the recycling problems and material availability, the MEA components do not match the requirements for large scale development of PEMCFs at a low cost, particularly for automotive applications. Novel approaches to medium and high temperature membranes are described in this work, and a composite polybenzimidazole-poly(vinylphosphonic) acid membrane, stable up to 190 ◦C, led to a power density of 0.5 W cm−2 at 160 ◦C under 3 bar abs with hydrogen and air. Concerning the preparation of efficient electrocatalysts supported on a Vulcan XC72 carbon powder, the Bönnemann colloidal method and above all plasma sputtering allowed preparing bimetallic platinum-based electrocatalysts with a low Pt loading. In the case of plasma deposition of Pt nanoclusters, Pt loadings as low as 10 g cm−2 were achieved, leading to a very high mass power density of ca. 20 kW g−1 Pt . Finally characterization of the MEA electrical properties by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) based on a theoretical model of mass and charge transport inside the active and gas diffusion layers, together with the optimization of the operating parameters (cell temperature, humidity, flow rate and pressure) allowed obtaining electrical performance greater than 1.2 W cm−2 using an homemade MEA with a rather low Pt loading

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Remarkably Active Catalysts for the Electroreduction of O[sub 2] to H[sub 2]O for Use in an Acidic Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Methanol

Cited by 149 publications

References 22 publications

Pt–Sn/C as a Possible Methanol-Tolerant Cathode Catalyst for DMFC

Pt–Sn/C as a Possible Methanol-Tolerant Cathode Catalyst for DMFC

Synthesis of carbon-supported binary FeCo–N non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Do not forget the electrochemical characteristics of the membrane electrode assembly when designing a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stack

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