Remarkable Synergistic Effects in Antifouling Chemicals against Vibrio fischeri in a Bioluminescent Assay

Zhou, Xiaojian; Okamura, Hideo; Nagata, Shinichi

doi:10.1248/jhs.52.243

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…EC 50 values by MicroTox assay were compared with those by NZ assay reported previously and cited in Table 2, 8) from which similar values of the chemical toxicities were observed at 30 min of incubations. The CV at 60 min of incubation became higher than those at 30 min of incubations, suggesting that the data at the latter is more reliable than the former, 60 min incubation, in NZ assay.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Antifouling Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The calculations of inhibition percentages [INH (%)] and efficient concentration at 50% inhibition (EC 50 ) were the same as those mentioned in our previous reports. 7,8) The coefficient of variation (CV) was obtained from the division of standard deviation (SD) by average of EC 50 , and it was used for the comparisons of reproducibility. CV provides better estimation than SD for method performance over a range of concentrations, that is, low CV indicates high reproducibility of the method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemicals and Samples ---Purities of antifouling chemicals such as Irgarol 1051, Ndichlorofluoromethylthio-N′,N′-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide (DCF), thiabendazole (TBDZ), Diuron, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), SeaNine 211, Ziram, Cu-pt, Zn-pt and TBT-Cl, were higher than 95%. Molecular structures of chemicals used are available in our previous paper, 8) except for TBDZ [2-(thiazol-4-yl) benzimidazole] and TBT-Cl (Tributyltin chloride). Antifouling chemicals dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, 1% (v/v), were added into LB medium, ASW or 2% NaCl solution for growth inhibition, NZ, or MicroTox assays, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6) Recently Nagata and Zhou proposed a short-term assay system using freshly incubated V. fischeri cells, 7) named as NZ assay in this text, which was successfully applied to the toxicity evaluation for some new antifouling chemicals. 8) The benefits of NZ assay, however, were not clearly demonstrated due to the lack of data to compare with standard or traditional assays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of Luminescent Assay Using Fresh Cells of Vibrio fischeri for Toxicity Evaluation

Zhou

Okamura

Nagata

2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Toxicities of antifouling chemicals and natural marine samples were evaluated by three assays, among which bioluminescence assay using freshly incubated Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri) cells (NZ assay) and MicroTox were regarded as short-term assays, and growth inhibition assay was conducted as long-term assay. Short-term toxicity levels evaluated by NZ assay were in good agreement with those by MicroTox assay for all of the samples examined. Based on the EC 50 values of each chemical by respective assay, NZ assay showed prior reproducibility and similar levels of sensitivity when compared with those of MicroTox assay. On the other hand, growth inhibition assay showed lower sensitivity and reproducibility than NZ and MicroTox assays. Four kinds of antifouling chemicals, Irgarol 1051, Diuron, thiabendazole (TBDZ), and N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N′ ′ ′ ′ ′,N′ ′ ′ ′ ′-dimethyl-Nphenylsulfamide (DCF), were detected to possess delayed toxicity from the judgments on the difference of short-term and long-term toxicities. Four out of 16 seawater samples collected in Japan showed remarkable toxicity in NZ assay, suggesting that they were contaminated by several types of antifouling chemicals. Considering time consumed, facility for operation, cost, and requirements, NZ assay was proved to be efficient for toxicity evaluations for artificial and natural samples.

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Section: Toxicity Of Antifouling Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Applicability of Luminescent Assay Using Fresh Cells of Vibrio fischeri for Toxicity Evaluation

Zhou

Okamura

Nagata

2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…The most commonly used of the current AF coatings are based on copper (Cu) supplemented by booster biocides to control Cu-resistant fouling organisms (Voulvoulis 2006). The most commonly used booster biocides/co-biocides include Irgarol 1051 (2-methylthio-4-tertiary-butylamino-6-cyclopropylaminos-triazine), diuron (1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethylurea), zinc pyrithione (2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide zinc salt; ZnPT), copper pyrithione (2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide copper salt; CuPT), chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloro isophthalonitrile), and SeaNine 211 (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; DCOIT) (Konstantinou & Albanis 2004;Zhou et al 2006). However, many of the booster biocides are also a threat to the marine environment (van Wezel & van Wlaardingen 2004); some can accumulate to high levels, despite claims for rapid degradation, and have a biocidal effect on non-target marine organisms (Konstantinou & Albanis 2004;Bellas 2006Bellas , 2007Bellas , 2008; Thomas & Brooks 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

2013

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Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.

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Whole-cell luminescence-based flow-through biodetector for toxicity testing

et al. 2007

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A new type of biodetector was designed based on a bioluminescence test with the bacterium Vibrio fischeri performed in a liquid continuous flow-through system. Here we describe the modification of a commercial tube luminescence detector to work in the flow mode by building a new flow cell holder and a new case including "top cover" to connect the flow cell with the waste and the incubation capillary in a light-proof manner. As different samples were injected successively it was necessary to keep the individual peaks separated. This was done using an air-segmented flow in the reaction coil. To afford fast screening, the incubation time of the sample and the Vibrio fischeri, which equaled the dead time of the detection system, was set at 5.6 min. Rapid monitoring of toxic substances is achieved by using 20 microL of sample and flow-rates of 110-150 microL min(-1). As a proof-of-principle, we show results for the detection of five selected di-, tri- and tetrachlorophenols at different concentrations varying from 1 to 200 mg L(-1). Calculation of inhibition rates and EC50 values were performed and compared with corresponding values from the DIN EN ISO 11348-2 microplate format. Compared with the latter, the inhibition rates obtained with our flow-through biodetector for the compounds tested were generally about twofold lower, but importantly, a much faster detection is possible.

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Remarkable Synergistic Effects in Antifouling Chemicals against Vibrio fischeri in a Bioluminescent Assay

Abstract: 2+, which will make these chemicals more toxic against organisms in marine environments.

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Applicability of Luminescent Assay Using Fresh Cells of Vibrio fischeri for Toxicity Evaluation

Applicability of Luminescent Assay Using Fresh Cells of Vibrio fischeri for Toxicity Evaluation

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

Whole-cell luminescence-based flow-through biodetector for toxicity testing

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