Reluctant capitals: transport mobility and tramways in London and Paris 1830-1950

Passalacqua, Arnaud

doi:10.3828/tpr.2014.13

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Five articles were excluded from the initial list of articles because they were not available in the academic databases or on the Internet. The excluded documents were: (Passalacqua, 2014;Kahlen, Lee, Ketter, & Gupta, 2018;Rehm, Faber, & Goel, 2018;Alam, Fernandes, Almeida, Ferreira, & Fonseca, 2017;N. Li, Chan, Hsu, Fu, & Mao, 2017)yet are responsible for up to eighty percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and seventy-five percent of natural resource consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on urban mobility and use of ICT in relation to cities' sustainability. A bibliometric analysis

Escobar¹,

Zartha²,

Gallón³

2021

ToTS

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The objective of this article is to present three groups of analysis in urban mobility studies, their relationship with the use of ICT and how the findings promote urban sustainability. 40 documents in the Scopus database were systematically reviewed. The research methodology used was mixed, where methods of qualitative analysis and bibliometric analysis were combined with the Vantage Point software. The results made it possible to establish which projects are at the forefront of the study of urban mobility. This article will contribute to future research and could be useful for discussions on public policy on urban mobility.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on urban mobility and use of ICT in relation to cities' sustainability. A bibliometric analysis

Escobar¹,

Zartha²,

Gallón³

2021

ToTS

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“…Es conocido que desde los años cincuenta del siglo XX tuvo lugar en Occidente una eliminación masiva del tranvía, cuando se materializaba su recuperación económica tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, el papel del tranvía en las ciudades empezó a cuestionarse ya desde finales de los años veinte en los países más prósperos, como Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña y Francia (Yago, 2006;Passalacqua, 2014;Boquet, 2017;Tennant 2017), donde las compañías tranviarias tuvieron poco apoyo público y una competencia muy fuerte de las de autobuses. Entre los años treinta y los años cincuenta, en la mayoría de los países europeos el tranvía continuó teniendo alguna relevancia como medio de transporte urbano (Taplin, 1984;Schmucki, 2010).…”

Section: Introducción La Ciudad Europea Y La Crisis Del Tranvíaunclassified

Los tranvías en los países del socialismo real de los años 1960 y 1970: de la crisis al impulso

Khairullina¹,

Ganges²

2021

ACE: Architecture, City and Environment

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Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la reconstrucción y el desarrollo del sistema tranviario en los países europeos del socialismo real fue, cuando menos, dubitativo y muy diferenciado. Tanto en Occidente como en Oriente, el automóvil se convirtió en el medio universal de transporte y el Movimiento Moderno triunfó en el urbanismo, de modo que el sistema tranviario se vio como un medio de transporte vetusto e inadaptado, sin futuro. Sin embargo, el impulso industrial y el fuerte crecimiento urbano desde mediados de los años 1960 en los países de régimen comunista, implicó el desarrollo de sistema tranviario, así como la integración de su funcionamiento en el sistema de transporte urbano-suburbano. El objetivo de este artículo de historia urbana y del transporte es dar cuenta del período de renacimiento tranviario en la Europa del socialismo real durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970, con sus contradicciones y problemas, y, en concreto, explicar la implementación del tranvía rápido en sus ciudades. Para mostrarlo, se analizan los planteamientos teóricos y prácticos, así como el propio desarrollo del tranvía, en dos casos diferenciales de estudio: la ciudad checa de Ostrava y la ciudad rusa de Yaroslavl. Se concluye que en los países europeos comunistas hubo una considerable diversidad tanto en la política de transporte público urbano, como en las soluciones de interrelación de transporte y ciudad. Esta investigación ofrece un tema poco estudiado que permite entender mejor la planificación urbana socialista y sus diferencias y similitudes con la experiencia de Europa Occidental. Després de la Segona Guerra Mundial, la reconstrucció i el desenvolupament de sistema tramviari en els països europeus del socialisme real va ser, si més no, dubitatiu i molt diferenciat. Tant a Occident com a Orient, l'automòbil es va convertir en el mitjà universal de transport i el Moviment Modern va triomfar en l'urbanisme, de manera que el sistema tramviari es va veure com un mitjà de transport vetust i inadaptat, sense futur. No obstant això, l'impuls industrial i el fort creixement urbà des de mitjans dels anys 1960 en els països de règim comunista, va implicar el desenvolupament de sistema tramviari, així com la integració del seu funcionament en el sistema de transport urbà-suburbà. L'objectiu d'aquest article d'història urbana i de l'transport és donar compte del període de renaixement tramviari a l'Europa de l'socialisme real durant les dècades de 1960 i 1970, amb les seves contradiccions i problemes, i, en concret, explicar la implementació de l'tramvia ràpid a les seves ciutats. Per mostrar-ho, s'analitzen els plantejaments teòrics i pràctics, així com el propi desenvolupament de l'tramvia, en dos casos diferencials d'estudi: la ciutat txeca d'Ostrava i la ciutat russa de Yaroslavl. Es conclou que als països europeus comunistes hi va haver una considerable diversitat tant en la política de transport públic urbà, com en les solucions d'interrelació de transport i ciutat. Aquesta investigació ofereix un tema poc estudiat que permet entendre millor la planificació urbana socialista i les seves diferències i similituds amb l'experiència d'Europa Occidental After the Second World War, the reconstruction and development of the tramway system in the European countries of real socialism was, at the very least, hesitant, and quite different. Both in the West and in the East, the road became the universal means of transport and the Modern Movement triumphed in urbanism so that the tramway system was seen as an outdated and unsuitable means of transport. However, the industrial development and strong urban growth since the mid-1960s meant that in the countries of real socialism was necessary: the development of tramway infrastructure and new models of rolling stock, as well as the coordination of their operation in the urban-suburban transport system. The aim of this article on urban and transport history is to account for the period of tramway revival in the Europe of real socialism during the 1960s and 1970s, with its contradictions and problems, and to explain the implementation of the rapid tramway in its cities. To this end, the theoretical and practical approaches and the development of the tram itself are analysed in two different case studies: the Czech city Ostrava and the Russian city Yaroslavl. It is concluded that in the European communist countries there was a considerable diversity both in urban public transport policy and in the solutions of interrelation between transport and city. This research offers a barely studied topic that allows a better understanding of socialist urban planning, as well as its differences and similarities with the Western European experience.

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“…Schmucki (2012) follows this serendipitous approach by using archival materials from a range of cities, including York, but, in attempting to construct a metanarrative, claims there was an appetite for suburban tramway expansion even while local histories demonstrate that there was opposition (Richardson, 1963, p. 45). Where case studies do exist, they are often deeply focused on the sequential narrative at the cost of real analysis (Klapper, 1974), or focus on the experience of larger cities (Barker and Robbins, 1974;Gibbons, 1983;Passalacqua, 2014;Yearsley, 1962;Young, 1998), likely to be outliers, or focus on the passenger experience rather than the overarching institutions (Carr, 2003;Whitworth, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profit or utility maximizing? Strategy, tactics and the Municipal Tramways of York, c. 1918-1935

Tennent

2017

JMH

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Purpose This paper aims to contest Mees’ (2010) theory that publicly owned public transport operators normatively target their resources to maximize service rather than profit. Mees argues that neoliberal governments in the Anglosphere were mistaken to privatize their undertakings, yet it is shown that the British ethos of municipal trading meant that municipalities always saw public transport as more of a business than a service. Design/methodology/approach The author uses an archival microstudy of the municipal tramway undertaking of the English city of York, using municipal archives triangulated with local and industry media sources. Findings The paper proposes the refination of the Mees spectrum of public transport from public to private (2010, pp. 73-75) to note that public undertakings can be operated within a profit-maximizing framework. Originality/value This paper provides a rare historical explication of an individual municipal trading enterprise and tramway system placed in its economic context together with its wider theoretical implications.

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Reluctant capitals: transport mobility and tramways in London and Paris 1830-1950

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Studies on urban mobility and use of ICT in relation to cities' sustainability. A bibliometric analysis

Studies on urban mobility and use of ICT in relation to cities' sustainability. A bibliometric analysis

Los tranvías en los países del socialismo real de los años 1960 y 1970: de la crisis al impulso

Profit or utility maximizing? Strategy, tactics and the Municipal Tramways of York, c. 1918-1935

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