Religious Fundamentalism and Intercultural Communication: The Relationships Among Ethnocentrism, Intercultural Communication Apprehension, Religious Fundamentalism, Homonegativity, and Tolerance for Religious Disagreements

The Effects of Self-Construal and Religiousness on Argumentativeness: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

“…In later research, Stewart and Roach (1998) reported a relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and normative beliefs about arguing. Wrench, Corrigan, McCroskey, and Punyanunt-Carter (2006) also examined the influence of religious orientation on disagreements and found a negative relationship between religious fundamentalism and tolerance for religious disagreement. As noted above, previous research has demonstrated a relationship between religiousness and argumentativeness, but this research has not been conducted with such a diverse sample as the one utilized here.…”

An Examination of Reliability and Validity of the Religious Communication Apprehension Scale

“…Cronbach alpha for this scale is 0.95 (M ¼ 28.19, SD ¼ 22.82). Previous research supports the validity of the scale (Wrench et al, 2006).…”

“…Overall, Teven's results indicated that TFD can be adapted to understand others perceptions of disagreements and how these perceptions affect other aspects of the relationship. Thus, as suggested by Wrench et al (2006), a person's TFD toward religion may impact our desire to communicate about religion with other people. Moreover, the researchers suggested that there is a link between tolerance for disagreement and communication apprehension.…”

“…Ragsdale suggested that a person's religious orientation may impact their communication behaviors regarding their intent and amount of disclosure. It is apparent that religion not only affects how we communicate but also how we receive information (e.g., Wrench, Corrigan, McCroskey, & Punyanunt-Carter, 2006).…”

Predictors of images towards the ‘Other’: a comparative study between Jordanian and Greek pre‐service teachers

“…The way individuals perceive each other is usually determined by their personal backgrounds, influenced by cultural, educational, socio-political, ideological and religious factors (Hello, Scheepers, and Gijsberts 2002). Religious fundamentalism has been found to be positively related to ethnocentrism (Wrench et al 2006). Ethnocentrism as a scale is usually constructed to measure an individual's tendency to feel that one's culture is the centre of the universe.…”