“…Hence, we used three data collection modes to achieve as many responses as possible. Multi-mode approaches have been employed in similar surveys of elites, such as the 2009 European Election Candidate study (Wessels, 2011), which used mailed questionnaires and a web-based survey, the PartiRep survey of national and regional parliamentarians (Deschouwer and Depauw, 2014), which employed online, mail, telephone and face-to-face interviewing, and the Religion at the European Parliament survey (Foret, 2014), for which data were gathered by faceto-face, telephone and online modes.…”