Relief in Cartography

Lyons, H. G.

doi:10.2307/1778611

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The reflectance model tends to result in an image where shallow slopes have a lower luminosity than they would under a linear mapping, resulting in an underrepresentation of these slopes. For this reason, Imhof argued that slope shading should not attempt to use a vertical illumination model and advocated a greytone shading scheme roughly equivalent to that of Lehmann (1799; see also Lyons 1914, Yoëli 1967). Lehmann's model -originally applied to contour line thickness and spacing as a mechanism to impressionistically communicate slope -effectively shaded slopes from 0 to 45 degrees with luminosities ranging from 1 to 0 respectively, with 0 luminosity for slopes greater than 45 degrees (Imhof 2007;Lyons 1914).…”

Section: The Argument For Pssmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, Imhof argued that slope shading should not attempt to use a vertical illumination model and advocated a greytone shading scheme roughly equivalent to that of Lehmann (1799; see also Lyons 1914, Yoëli 1967). Lehmann's model -originally applied to contour line thickness and spacing as a mechanism to impressionistically communicate slope -effectively shaded slopes from 0 to 45 degrees with luminosities ranging from 1 to 0 respectively, with 0 luminosity for slopes greater than 45 degrees (Imhof 2007;Lyons 1914). A further refinement to the slope shading model is that of Miller and Summerson (1960), in which luminosity is calculated as the square root of the sine of the slope.…”

Section: The Argument For Pssmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps for the Visualization of Digital Surface Models

Pingel¹,

Clarke²

2014

Cartographica

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Although shaded relief, or hillshaded, images are a widely used method to represent high-resolution (~1-m) digital surfaces derived from airborne laser (or LiDAR) scans, such displays may become difficult to interpret when they include surface features like buildings, roadways, and natural vegetation. One possible alternative as a visualization of such surface models is a representation based on slope shading -the steeper, the darker -but attenuated to the perceptual bias of overestimation of slope. The empirical work presented here demonstrates that Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps (PSSMs) perform as well or better than either hillshaded or hypsometric images on map-reading tasks, including profile estimation and mental rotation. RÉSUMÉBien que le relief par ombres portées (ou images par estompage) soit largement utilisé pour représenter les surfaces numériques à haute résolution (~1 m) dérivées du balayage laser aéroporté ou de la détection et télémétrie par ondes lumineuses (LiDAR), de telles représentations peuvent être difficiles à interpréter lorsqu'elles présentent certains éléments de surface comme des immeubles, des routes et de la végétation. Il existe une solution de rechange pour visualiser ce type de modèles de surface : il s'agit d'une représentation fondée sur l'ombrage des surfaces inclinées -plus elles sont abruptes, plus elles sont foncées -mais limitée au biais perceptuel qui engendre une surestimation des pentes. Les travaux empiriques présentés dans cet article démontrent que les cartes dont les pentes sont ombragées sur le plan perceptuel donnent des résultats aussi bons, voire meilleurs, que les images hypsométriques ou par estompage pour des tâches de lecture de cartes qui comprennent l'estimation du profil et la rotation mentale.

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Section: The Argument For Pssmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Argument For Pssmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps for the Visualization of Digital Surface Models

Pingel¹,

Clarke²

2014

Cartographica

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“…The research on color coding has primarily been based on results in which relatively small , discrete , geometric forms have been used . Use of color coding for large irregular areas , such as is found with layer tints needs to be empirically investigated (see Lyons , 1914 for a review of some of the many ways in which color coding has been used for layer tints).…”

Section: Ari To 284mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors in Design of Hardcopy Topographic Maps

Potash¹,

Jeffrey²

1978

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“…discrete, geometric forms have been used. Use of color coding for large irregular areas, such as is found with layer tints coding needs to be empirically investigated (see Lyons, 1914 for a review of some of the many ways in which color coding has been used for layer tints).…”

Section: Color Codillgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Maps and Map-Related Research

Potash¹

1977

Hum Factors

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Tlzree clzaracteristics oflzardcopy maps, scale, illterrelatedlless ofsymbols, alld stalldardized symbology, are reviewed. Tlzeir implicatiolls for future map-related researclz alld desigll are discussed. Research 011 types of codillg lISed ill visual displays is discussed ill terms of its applicability to Izardcopy //laps. Specific suggestiolls for Izardcopy //lap desigll are based 011 tlze literatllre comparillg differelll killds of map products.

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Relief in Cartography

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps for the Visualization of Digital Surface Models

Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps for the Visualization of Digital Surface Models

Factors in Design of Hardcopy Topographic Maps

Design of Maps and Map-Related Research

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