Reliable Measurement of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

by electron/hole transporting materials through driving force generated from the energy level difference. Finally, the electrons and holes migrate to the external circuit and generate photocurrent and photovoltage.The current-voltage characteristic is a typical method to assess the performance of solar cells. During this process, bias voltage is changed stepwise and the corresponding photocurrent is measured simultaneously. The key parameters representing the devices performance can be given through this test, involving the shortcircuit current (I sc ) or current density (J sc ), open-circuit voltage (V oc ), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (η) and their relationship embodies in this formula P P I V P A J V P FF FF m in sc oc in aperture sc oc in η = = =where P in is the irradiance of the incident light received by the test cell, P m is the maximum output power of this cell, and A aperture is the aperture area for the incident light. The test results are susceptible to external conditions such as light source and temperature. Taking temperature as an example, as a typical semiconductor, the performance of solar cell will change linearly in the close vicinity of room temperature and for silicon solar cell, this temperature coefficient for power conversion efficiency is around −0.045% °C −1 .[8] Therefore, deviations from standard conditions will surely cause aberration in measurement results, which leads to the difficulties in analyzing data from different groups or even the same group at different time and undermine the value of researchers' great efforts. Inspirational reviews or critical comments have been made for dye-sensitized solar cells and organic photovoltaics, both of which have developed for decades. [9,10] With regard to PSC, the hysteresis during the current-voltage characteristic measurement makes it even harder to get accurate photovoltaic parameters. [11][12][13] In addition, nonstrict measurement will lead to poor reproducibility of published results. Therefore, strict and reliable measurement of PSCs is highly required. Actually, the standards for reliable measurement of solar cells have already been established by International Electrotechnical These standards have provided strict condition for irradiance, series resistance, temperature, etc. during test and have advanced with the development of new photovoltaic technologies.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone an incredibly fast development and attracted intense attention worldwide owing to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. However, it is challenging to make a reliable measurement of PSCs, which creates great difficulty for researchers to compare and reproduce published results. Herein, the major measurement methods and key factors affecting evaluation of PSCs are summarized, such as hysteresis in current-voltage measurement, calibration of solar simulators for less mismatch in spectra and light intensity, and the area for the calculation of current density and power conversion efficiency. PSCs are also ...

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High Electron Affinity Enables Fast Hole Extraction for Efficient Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over the past decade has significantly increased their competitiveness with the existing commercialized solar cells such as Si‐, CdTe‐, and CIGS . The unique semiconducting properties of perovskite allow the fabrication of photovoltaic devices with either conventional n‐i‐p or inverted p‐i‐n configurations .…”

Synergistic Coassembly of Highly Wettable and Uniform Hole‐Extraction Monolayers for Scaling‐up Perovskite Solar Cells

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