Reliable Lab-Scale Construction Process for Electromagnetically Coupled Textile Microstrip Patch Antennas for the 2.45 GHz ISM Band

Del-Rio-Ruiz, Ruben; Lopez-Garde, Juan-Manuel; Legarda, Jon; Caytan, Olivier; Rogier, Hendrik

doi:10.1109/lawp.2019.2956238

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This layer causes an amplitude variation of about 1 to 3 dB and a frequency shift between 2 and 4 MHz, due to the higher permittivity of the adhesive and the increase of the total thickness, respectively. The error between simulation and measurement in both antennas is below 0.63%, which validates the fabrication process reliability for both FR4 and textile antennas [20]. The error ratios between the analytical model's center frequency and the measured resonant frequency in the RIG 1 and T EX 1 antennas are 5.33% and 2.87%, respectively, with a measured BW (|S 11 | < −10dB) of 3.08% and 3.32%, respectively.…”

Section: Model Vs Meas (%) =supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Employing a quarter-wavelength feed line allows to cover the desired bandwidth, although in a tight way (2.4 -2.485 GHz) in the case of the proposed antenna prototypes due to their small substrate thickness. Resonance frequency shifts up to 50 MHz in textile antennas have been reported due to manual Sub-miniature version A (SMA) connectorization and inhomogeneities in the substrate's dielectric properties [20]. Therefore, to better guarantee that the textile antennas cover the entire 2.45 GHz ISM band, a ram-horn shaped feed line is proposed as an alternative design to enlarge the EMCMPA's BW [4].…”

Section: B Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The textile antennas are constructed according to the process explained in [20]. A total of four double-sided thermally activated adhesive sheets (approximate thickness of 20 µm, r = 1.74 and tan δ = 0.015) are required to assemble all the EMCMPA layers, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Antenna Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Combination of Transmission Line Models as Design Instruments for Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band

Del-Rio-Ruiz

Lopez-Garde

Legarda

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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This communication presents an analytical framework that combines transmission line models for the design of electromagnetically coupled microstrip patch antennas for the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical band. It provides initial values for all dimensions of the antenna, with measured resonance frequency errors below 6%. The initial design is optimized in two subsequent phases to center the resonance frequency and to increase the impedance bandwidth (BW), obtaining measured resonance frequency errors below 0.6% and BW enhancements of more than 1.2 times the original ones, respectively. The model has been validated with antenna prototypes based on rigid and textile materials, exhibiting excellent freespace measured BW of 4% and 5.12%, maximal measured gains of 4.28 dBi and 7.33 dBi, and radiation efficiencies of 63.4% and 71.8%, respectively. Moreover, very stable on-body performance is obtained, with minimal frequency detuning when deploying the textile antenna on the human body. The measured maximum onbody gain for the textile antenna equals 5.5 dBi, with a simulated specific absorption rate of 0.323 W/kg at 2.45 GHz.

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Section: Model Vs Meas (%) =supporting

confidence: 67%

Section: B Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Combination of Transmission Line Models as Design Instruments for Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band

Del-Rio-Ruiz

Lopez-Garde

Legarda

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The electromagnetically coupled radiating patch also helps obtain an independent EM optimization of the feeding mechanism and patch, decreasing the overall antenna dimensions without altering their EM performance. In addition to this, the construction process [29] shows very good agreement between simulation and measurements, and the standard deviation of measured resonant frequencies, impedance bandwidths, gains and total efficiencies equal 24.54 MHz, 14.02 MHz, 0.15 dBi and 3.57%, respectively.…”

Section: Antenna Designsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The novelty of the proposed textile rectenna is based on the combination of the EMCMPA topology [28] and a simple and precise construction method [29] that provides a good performance repeatability for multilayer microstrip textile patch antennas. Thus, the patches and the rectifier circuit pads are laser-cut, and the different layers are attached with double-sided, thermally activated adhesive sheets.…”

Section: Rectenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

2 × 2 Textile Rectenna Array with Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.4 GHz WiFi Band

et al. 2021

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The development of e-textiles is fostering research in wireless energy transmission. This paper presents a purely textile 2.4 GHz WiFi band 2 × 2 rectenna array for RF energy harvesting. It utilizes the electromagnetically coupled microstrip patch antenna topology and a simple and precise construction method that provides a good performance repeatability to create multilayer microstrip textile patch antennas. The rectifier is implemented with Schottky diodes and it takes the voltage doubling configuration. An average DC power of 1,1 mW was measured for 14 μW/cm2 of RF input power density, while the end-to-end average power conversion efficiency (PCE) measured was 31%. The characterization of the end-to-end PCE was evaluated considering the physical size of the prototype to make the comparison with other designs easier. Measurements in a real WiFi scenario were also performed, demonstrating its feasibility for feeding e-textiles.

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Asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed textile‐based wearable antenna for MBAN and ISM band applications

Gopi¹,

Kokilagadda²,

Gupta

et al. 2021

Int J Numerical Modelling

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The design of portable textile‐based asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed comb‐shaped patch (CSP) antenna is proposed and analyzed for Medical Body Area Network and Industrial Scientific and Medical band applications. A thin sheet of fabric with high conductivity has been embedded on a denim textile to fabricate a flexible conductive wearable antenna. The CSP antenna is validated in both free spaces and on the body. The proposed CSP antenna resonates at an operating frequency of 2.49 GHz (2.27–3.42 GHz) for free space with a bandwidth of 1150 MHz. On‐body, the antenna resonates at 2.44 GHz (1.9–2.8 GHz) with a bandwidth of 900 MHz. The gain is 4.67 dBi for free space, and −4.82 dBi for on‐body is observed. The CSP antenna was tested under bent and crumpling conditions, and the performance remains unaffected by the deformation. The CSP antenna performance is analyzed by using the artificial human hand for the physically challenged people. Specific absorption rate is 1.4 W/kg, and values under the electromagnetic radiation exposure limits have been obtained, with a safe margin of 1.6 W/kg. There is good agreement between the simulation and measurement results for the proposed CSP antenna.

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Reliable Lab-Scale Construction Process for Electromagnetically Coupled Textile Microstrip Patch Antennas for the 2.45 GHz ISM Band

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

A Combination of Transmission Line Models as Design Instruments for Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band

A Combination of Transmission Line Models as Design Instruments for Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band

2 × 2 Textile Rectenna Array with Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.4 GHz WiFi Band

Asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed textile‐based wearable antenna for MBAN and ISM band applications

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