A Combination of Transmission Line Models as Design Instruments for Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band

Abstract

This communication presents an analytical framework that combines transmission line models for the design of electromagnetically coupled microstrip patch antennas for the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical band. It provides initial values for all dimensions of the antenna, with measured resonance frequency errors below 6%. The initial design is optimized in two subsequent phases to center the resonance frequency and to increase the impedance bandwidth (BW), obtaining measured resonance frequency errors below 0.6% and BW enhancements of more than 1.2 times the original ones, respectively. The model has been validated with antenna prototypes based on rigid and textile materials, exhibiting excellent freespace measured BW of 4% and 5.12%, maximal measured gains of 4.28 dBi and 7.33 dBi, and radiation efficiencies of 63.4% and 71.8%, respectively. Moreover, very stable on-body performance is obtained, with minimal frequency detuning when deploying the textile antenna on the human body. The measured maximum onbody gain for the textile antenna equals 5.5 dBi, with a simulated specific absorption rate of 0.323 W/kg at 2.45 GHz.

2 × 2 Textile Rectenna Array with Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas in the 2.4 GHz WiFi Band

“…On-body performance of the EMCMPA is verified in [28], with good agreement between simulation and measurement. In order to verify that rectenna configuration maintains the on-body performance, new measurements were made, as shown in Figure 17.…”

“…The novelty of the proposed textile rectenna is based on the combination of the EMCMPA topology [28] and a simple and precise construction method [29] that provides a good performance repeatability for multilayer microstrip textile patch antennas. Thus, the patches and the rectifier circuit pads are laser-cut, and the different layers are attached with double-sided, thermally activated adhesive sheets.…”

“…The EMCMPA topology, in addition to being planar, has a non-contact configuration between the feed line and radiating patch [28]. Because of this, it is optimal for textile rectennas as the feeding line and rectifying stage coincide in the same layer, avoiding additional soldering points and therefore increasing its overall flexibility.…”

Compact Coplanar Waveguide Antenna Using Arm Patch for Software Defined Radio

“…Lightweight, affordable, conformal, low-profile, and suitable with integrated circuits is just a few features of PCB antennas. Common feeding methods employing transmission lines [19], coupled apertures [20]- [22], or electromagnetic [23], [24], coplanar waveguides [25]- [27], and coaxial probes [28], [29]. Due to their uniplanar implementation and development of vias, coplanar waveguides have the advantage of being simple to integrate with active devices.…”

Cyclic olefin copolymer‐based copper clad laminate and the application for low loss broadband baluns

“…Besides Dk and Df, the electrical performances of designed circuits are related to some other parameters of CCL, such as the moisture absorption, thermal coefficient, copper peel, and so on, and even the CCL manufacturing process, especially for the frequency of millimeter‐wave or terahertz bands. In recent years, the researchers mainly focus on some areas for circuit performance improvements, such as the performance investigation for accurate design of various circuits, 1,2 flexion modification for flexible or conformal applications, 3–5 improvement of manufacturing process, 6,7 usage of advanced material, 8 and gap waveguide technique 9,10 . It is known that the adhesive layer is normally necessary in traditional lamination process, which is composed of epoxy and acrylic resin.…”