“…In the past, Morino, et al [6] , Mirza, et al [7] , Li, et al [8] and Lakshmi, et al [9] studied short steel reinforced concrete composite columns of normal and highstrength concrete subjected to axial load. Mirza, et al [10−11] , Wang [12] , Tsuda, et al [13] reported full-scale or slender composite columns under eccentrically applied axial loading.…”