Reliability of a two-dimensional footprint measurement approach

Estimation of stature from static and dynamic footprints

“…A previously described measurement approach was deemed an appropriate method for this stature estimation study as it has been shown to demonstrate high intra-and inter-rater reliability for selected length, width and angle measurements [24]. In that study, an investigation of the reliability of the chosen measuring method suggested high intra-rater agreement: for example, the length measurement suggested an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) À0.28 to 0.01, standard error of measurement (SEM) 0.07 mm, limits of agreement (LOA) À0.91 to 0.65.…”

“…Using GIMP software the scanned footprint images were centrally aligned to ensure consistency of measurements, as adopted by previous studies [7,24]. This allowed for the identification of the lowest pixel at the base of the heel from which to create five length lines (or 'Gunn lines' [25]).…”

Determination of Sex from Footprint Dimensions in Contemporary Indian Bengali Population: A Pilot Study

“…After obtaining informed consent, their static weight-bearing [9,10] footprints were taken on white A4 size glossy printing quality paper with blue stamp pad ink. Firstly, the feet were cleaned and wiped dry.…”

“…Bilateral measurements were also taken but only the left side was used in the analysis according to the principle of "non-dominant" foot. This approach was adopted after reviewing the literature on bilateral asymmetry of feet and issues in selection of feet for barefoot print analysis [5][6][7][8]10]. The following measurements were used in the present study ( Figure- …”

Emergence of forensic podiatry—A novel sub-discipline of forensic sciences

“…The method employed should be reliable in such a manner that the extent of variability or error in measuring the questioned and known footprint should be minimum and taken care of. Reel et al [78] devised a reliable bare footprint measurement technique where they established a high degree of intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the measuring method employed and determined the extent of error to expect.…”