Reliability estimation of second life battery system power electronic topologies for grid frequency response applications

Abstract

This paper is part of a project which aims to research the opportunities for the re-use of batteries after their primary use in low and ultra low carbon vehicles on the electricity grid system. One potential revenue stream is to provide primary/secondary/high frequency response to National Grid through market mechanisms via DNO's or Energy service providers. Some commercial battery energy storage systems (BESS) already exist on the grid system, but these tend to use costly new or high performance batteries.Second life batteries should be available at lower cost than new batteries but reliability becomes an important issue as individual batteries may suffer from degraded performance or failure. Therefore converter topology design could be used to influence the overall system reliability. A detailed reliability calculation of different single phase battery-to-grid converter interfacing schemes is presented. A suitable converter topology for robust and reliable BESS is recommended.

Control of Cascaded DC-DC Converter Based Hybrid Battery Energy Storage Systems: Part – I: Stability Issue

“…Unfortunately, from a reliability perspective the greater the number of series connected cells, the lower the module reliability [5]. Therefore, low number of series connected cells within a module is a preferred approach.…”

Flexible Grouping for Enhanced Energy Utilization Efficiency in Battery Energy Storage Systems

“…Loss of Thevenin's equivalent resistance was taken into account in calculating efficiency of batteries; nevertheless, it did not address the impact of capacity inconsistency. Reference [17] calculated the reliability of different single phase battery-to-grid converter interfacing schemes. It found that second-life batteries were the least reliable part of the system.…”

A Novel Data-Driven Fast Capacity Estimation of Spent Electric Vehicle Lithium-ion Batteries

“…In recent years, research on the re-use of spent EV, PHEV batteries has focused on reliability estimation [1], optimal use strategy [2] and economic analysis [3,4]. Mukherjee et al [1] presented a reliability calculation method for a battery energy storage system, and designed a battery-to-grid converter topology for robust and reliable second-life batteries.…”

“…Mukherjee et al [1] presented a reliability calculation method for a battery energy storage system, and designed a battery-to-grid converter topology for robust and reliable second-life batteries. Rule-based control is used to manage the charging and discharging of second-life batteries to extend their lifetime in [2], and realize commercial building peak load management and maximize cost savings.…”