Reliability Approach to Intersection Sight Distance Design

Easa, Said M.

doi:10.3141/1701-06

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There have been several studies using reliability analysis in road design to evaluate the probability of collision at railway crossings (17), sight distance limitations (3,18,19), traffic signal timing and intersection sight distance (20)(21)(22). Ismail and Sayed (1,2) defined a framework for calibrating crest curves design standards.…”

Section: Reliability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sight Distance Standards Based on Observational Data Risk Evaluation of Passing

Llorca

Moreno

Sayed

et al. 2014

Transportation Research Record

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This paper presents an application of reliability analysis for evaluating the risk associated with passing sight distance standards in terms of expected probability of noncompliance.The calculation of passing sight distance (PSD) is required to determine where drivers can safely execute passing maneuvers. Traditional PSD standards are based on deterministic, theoretical models, which are calibrated using conservative percentiles values for uncertain design inputs to account for uncertainty. They do not provide information about the risk of deviating from them. Reliability analysis is a technique based on limit state design that accounts for the propagation of variability from input random parameters to the design outputs.A total of 1,098 passing maneuvers were observed on several two-lane highways in Spain, using two different data collection methodologies: external observations and instrumented vehicle. The most significant factors affecting PSD were: impeding vehicle speed, passing vehicle acceleration, and headways between impeding and passing vehicles. A uniform acceleration model described passing vehicle trajectory. The characterized input parameters and the passing model were used to perform a reliability analysis. The results showed the probability of noncompliance in different scenarios, defined as the proportion of cases where the required PSD would exceed the available sight distance.American and Spanish PSD standards were evaluated. Geometric design standards presented a probability of noncompliance of about 0.15, while some of the marking standards had probability of noncompliance exceeding 0.85. These standards may be associated with higher risk levels if they were followed by drivers. As well, PSD risk levels were not consistent for different design speeds, since they underestimate operating speed at some locations. Llorca et al., 2014 3 INTRODUCTION Several researchers have noted that existing design guides provide a deterministic approach for

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Section: Reliability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sight Distance Standards Based on Observational Data Risk Evaluation of Passing

Llorca

Moreno

Sayed

et al. 2014

Transportation Research Record

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“…Various applications related to geometric design and traffic operations [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] are found in Table A1. The applications rely mostly on the geometric design guides by AASHTO [35] and the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) [36].…”

Section: Highway Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method was validated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Easa [22] used reliability analysis to determine the required SD at stop-control intersections for specified probability of non-compliance (P nc ).…”

Section: Highway Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Based Analysis in Civil Engineering: Overview of Applications

Easa

Yan

2019

Infrastructures

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Traditional design approaches in civil engineering mainly focus on codes/guidelines related to building an infrastructure, while performance-based analysis (PBA), an emerging new reality around the world, focuses on the performance of the end product. Professional organizations, academicians, and the industry have made significant contributions in formulating PBA in various civil engineering fields, where practical guidelines and principles have been adopted in infrastructure analysis. This paper presents a critical review of PBA applications in three civil engineering fields: transportation, environmental, and structural engineering. The applications are grouped into a wide array of civil engineering areas, including highway transportation, pavement design and management, air transportation, water-structures design and operation, landfill design, building architectural design for evacuation, urban energy design, building earthquake-based design, building wind-based design, and bridge design and management. A total of 187 publications on PBA were reviewed and details on 122 application papers (from 23 countries/regions) are presented. The review consists of vertical and horizontal scans of PBA applications. In the vertical scan, the applications in each civil engineering area are summarized in tabular format that shows the system element modeled, analysis objective, performance criteria, analytical tool, and specifications/codes. The horizontal scan (discussion and lessons learned) addresses the following aspects of PBA: (1) the wide array of analytical tools used, (2) the broad functional and process-related areas, (3) the advantages, challenges, and opportunities, and (4) potential future applications. It is hoped that the state-of-the-art review presented in this paper will help researchers/practitioners quickly find useful information about PBA and promote its development in their respective fields.

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“…Several applications exist for reliability analysis in transportation engineering which include: intersection SD (Easa 2000); evaluation of SD restrictions on horizontal curves (Richl and Sayed 2006;Sarhan and Hassan 2009); design of intergreen intervals at signalized intersections (Easa 1993;Tang et al 2011); safety performance functions that incorporate probability of non-compliance as a design risk measure (Ibrahim and Sayed 2011); optimization of highway cross sections to minimize design risk (Ibrahim et al 2012); risk evaluation of passing SD standards (Llorca et al 2014); and geometric design code calibration (Ismail and Sayed 2009;Hussein et al 2014). …”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for evaluating risk of limited sight distance for permitted left-turn movements: case study

2016

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A reliability analysis framework is used to evaluate the risk of limited Sight Distance for permitted left-turn movements due to the presence of opposing left-turn vehicles. Two signalized intersection approaches in the city of Surrey were used as case studies for the framework.Geometric and traffic video data was collected and analyzed using a computer vision tool to extract the input variables probability distributions. The data was used in the reliability analysis where first-order and importance sampling methods were performed. The analysis showed that the probability of non-compliance was considerable at one approach due to its large left-turn lane offset. The analysis also showed that the probability of non-compliance increased substantially when the obstacle vehicle was a bus rather than a passenger car. Moreover, the time gap had a higher impact on the probability of non-compliance compared to speed. Strategies were suggested to overcome the high probability of non-compliance.

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Reliability Approach to Intersection Sight Distance Design

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Sight Distance Standards Based on Observational Data Risk Evaluation of Passing

Sight Distance Standards Based on Observational Data Risk Evaluation of Passing

Performance-Based Analysis in Civil Engineering: Overview of Applications

Framework for evaluating risk of limited sight distance for permitted left-turn movements: case study

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