Reliability and Validity of the <scp>PAQ</scp>‐C Questionnaire to Assess Physical Activity in Children

Benítez-Porres, Javier; Fernández, Iván López; Raya, Juan Francisco; Carnero, Sabrina Álvarez; Alvero-Cruz, José Ramón; Carnero, Elvis Á.

doi:10.1111/josh.12418

Cited by 77 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This result is in agreement with the Senegalese study which confirmed that the two methods of PA level assessment (accelerometer and PAQ-C) classify school children differently [26]. A Spanish study reported a low correlation (r = 0.228-0.278, p < 0.05) between PAQ-C and accelerometry [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The most accurate method for measuring energy expenditure during PA, such as doubly labeled water or indirect calorimetry are complex, time-consuming, expensive and impractical when evaluating large populations [13]. Accelerometers are relatively inexpensive objective methods for assessing PA and are increasingly used in PA research [14].…”

Section: Physical Activity Level Assessed By Accelerometer and Paq-c mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Activity Level Assessed by Accelerometer and PAQ-C in Tunisian Children

et al. 2018

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Background: Physical activity (PA) is an important agent in the prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity. Objectives: To provide preliminary data on PA among school children and to correlate the PA with weight status. Material and Methods: A total of 40 children aged between 8 and 11 years and attending Tunisian schools were recruited. The body composition was determined by using the deuterium oxide dilution technique. PA was determined by the PAQ-C (PA Questionnaire for Older Children). An objective monitoring of PA and sedentary time was achieved by using ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometers. Results: PAQ-C data demonstrate that 20% of the sample had light PA levels and 80% had moderate PA levels. Times spent in sedentary (62.37%) and light (30.80%) activities were higher than that spent in moderate and vigorous (6.83%) activities. Furthermore, almost half of the sample spent more than 60 min per day in moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). The average MVPA was significantly higher in normal weight than overweight and obese groups (67.68 ± 20.98 vs. 49.07 ± 19.09, p = 0.007). The proportion of overweight children who spent more than 60 min per day in MVPA was significantly higher than that of normal-weight (60.9 vs. 29.4%; p = 0.049). Conclusion: This study indicates that half of school children comply with the health-based guidelines for PA and sedentary behavior. Our findings also suggest that obesity was associated with decrease in PA in Tunisian children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Physical Activity Level Assessed By Accelerometer and Paq-c mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity Level Assessed by Accelerometer and PAQ-C in Tunisian Children

et al. 2018

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“…These findings are encouraging: our coefficients comparing the PAQ with accelerometry are notably higher than those in original validation studies in healthy Canadian children ( r = 0.33 and r = 0.39) [12,13]. Our validity results are comparable or superior compared with other validation studies in international samples, such as validation studies in UK versions of the PAQ (total physical activity: r = 0.42, MVPA: r = 0.39) [10], in a Chinese sample (MVPA r = 0.33) [18], two Spanish samples (total physical activity: rho = 0.39, MVPA: rho = 0.34) [14] and (MVPA rho = 0.23) [33], and an Italian sample (MVPA rho = 0.30) [17]. The latter Italian study included a sub-study of reliability and construct validity in children with CHD (with favourable results), but the CHD children were not included in the assessment of criterion validity [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study assessed the reliability between the PAQ-C and PAQ-A version over a 2-year period, and reported weaker but significant associations over time ( rho = 0.30–0.39) [11]. Another study assessed the reliability on the same day a few hours apart, and expectedly found very high reliability coefficients (0.96) [33]. It is important to interpret the strength of a reliability coefficient in relation to the time interval over which the instrument was administered: the very strong coefficients over very short time intervals are desired and encouraging as they support the notion that the wording and design of the instrument elicits consistent responses from children in relation to their recall ability, while a longer time period is indicative of the fact that the instrument is able to capture a relatively stable ‘ranking’ of individuals’ physical activity over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) in individuals with congenital heart disease

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveTo assess the criterion validity, internal consistency, reliability and cut-point for the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease–a special population at high cardiovascular risk in whom physical activity has not been extensively evaluated.MethodsWe included 84 participants (13.6±2.9 yrs, 50% female) with simple (37%), moderate (31%), or severe congenital heart disease (27%), as well as cardiac transplant recipients (6%), from BC Children’s Hospital, Canada. They completed the PAQ-C (≤11yrs, n = 28) or–A (≥12yrs, n = 56), and also wore a triaxial accelerometer (GT3X+ or GT9X) over the right hip for 7 days (n = 59 met valid wear time criteria).ResultsMedian daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 46.9 minutes per day (IQR 31.6–61.8) and 25% met physical activity guidelines defined as ≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. Median PAQ-score was 2.6 (IQR 1.9–3.0). PAQ-Scores were significantly related to accelerometry-derived metrics of physical activity (rho = 0.44–0.55, all p<0.01) and sedentary behaviour (rho = -0.53, p<0.001). Internal consistency was high (α = 0.837), as was reliability (stability) of PAQ-Scores over a 4-months period (ICC = 0.73, 95%CI 0.55–0.84; p<0.001). We identified that a PAQ-Score cut-point of 2.87 discriminates between those meeting physical guidelines and those that do not in the combined PAQ-C and–A samples (area under the curve = 0.80 (95%CI 0.67–0.92).ConclusionValidity and reliability of the PAQ in children and adolescents with CHD was comparable to or stronger than previous studies in healthy children. Therefore, the PAQ may be used to estimate general levels of physical activity in children and adolescents with CHD.

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“…The PAQ -C is a valid and reliable self-reported, 7-day recall measure of physical activity in children (18)(19)(20). The PAQ-C was used for all participants enrolled in this study irrespective of age, as it aligns with the typical daily activity schedule within the Australian school system (19).…”

Section: Physical Activity Questionnaire -Child (Paq-c)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity in children and adolescents with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: A cross-sectional case-controlled study

Kennedy

Carroll

Paterson

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Authors' contributionsRAK, JLM, KC, KLP and JB were involved in the study conceptualization and design.MMR and JB provided study resources including clinic patients. RAK, KC and KR were responsible for recruitment and assessment of participants. RAK was responsible for data analysis and original draft preparation. All authors were responsible for review and editing of the manuscript. Abstract Background: Disability related to the progressive and degenerative neuropathies known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) affects gait and function, increasing with age and influencing physical activity in adults with CMT. The relationship between disease, ambulatory function and physical activity in children and adolescents with CMT is unknown. Method: A cross-sectional case-controlled study of 50 children with CMT and age-and gender-matched typically developing (TD) controls [mean age 12.5 (SD 3.9) years]. A 7-day recall questionnaire assessed physical activity; disease severity and gait-related function were measured to explore factors associated with physical activity. Results: Children with CMT were less active than TD controls (estimated weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity CMT 283.6 (SD 211.6) mins, TD 318.0 (SD 202.5) mins; p < 0.001). The children with CMT had moderate disability [CMT Pediatric Scale mean score 20 (SD 8) /44] and reduced ambulatory capacity in a sixminute walk test [CMT 485.1 (SD 160.9) metres, TD 639.8 (83.1) metres; p < 0.001].Physical activity correlated with greater disease severity (ρ = -0.52, p < 0.001) and sixminute walk distance (ρ = 0.71, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Disease-related disability affects physical activity and gait-related function in children and adolescents with CMT compared to TD peers. Reduced physical activity adversely affects function across the timespan of childhood and adolescence into adulthood.

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Reliability and Validity of the PAQ‐C Questionnaire to Assess Physical Activity in Children

Abstract: PAQ-C had a high reliability but a questionable validity for assessing total PA and MVPA in Spanish children. Therefore, PA measurement in children should not be limited only to self-report measurements.

Cited by 77 publications

References 42 publications

Physical Activity Level Assessed by Accelerometer and PAQ-C in Tunisian Children

Physical Activity Level Assessed by Accelerometer and PAQ-C in Tunisian Children

Validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) in individuals with congenital heart disease

Physical activity in children and adolescents with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: A cross-sectional case-controlled study

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