Reliability and validity of the running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) in soccer players

Burgess, Katherine; Holt, Thomas J.; Munro, Steven; Swinton, Paul

doi:10.17338/trainology.5.2_24

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, Bosquet et al [16] showed a high correlation of the “total work” between bicycle sprints (Wingate-Test) and isokinetic leg extension movements. Similar results were obtained when comparing a Wingate-Test and a sprint test in running [6,17].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…To avoid underestimating the rate of lactic acid formation, it is necessary to consider the alactacid time interval of the load duration. Up to now, the efficiency of anaerobic energy supply has been primarily investigated using running and bicycle ergometer loads [1,3,4,5,6]. This has already shown good to very good reproducibility of maximum power (P max ) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of Blood Lactate Concentration Rate under Isokinetic Force Loads

Nitzsche

Baumgärtel

Maiwald

et al. 2018

Sports

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(1) Background: Maximum isokinetic force loads show strongly increased post-load lactate concentrations and an increase in the maximum blood lactate concentration rate (V˙Lamax), depending on load duration. The reproducibility of V˙Lamax must be known to be able to better assess training-related adjustments of anaerobic performance using isokinetic force tests. (2) Methods: 32 subjects were assigned to two groups and completed two unilateral isokinetic force tests (210° s−1, Range of Motion 90°) within seven days. Group 1 (n = 16; age 24.0 ± 2.8 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.6 kg m−2, training duration: 4.5 ± 2.4 h week−1) completed eight repetitions and group 2 (n = 16; age 23.7 ± 1.9 years, BMI 24.6 ± 2.4 kg m−2, training duration: 5.5 ± 2.1 h week−1) completed 16 repetitions. To determine V˙Lamax, capillary blood (20 µL) was taken before and immediately after loading, and up to the 9th minute post-load. Reproducibility and variability was determined using Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, and variability were determined using within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and Limits of Agreement (LoA) using Bland Altman plots. (3) Results: The correlation of V˙Lamax in group 1 was r = 0.721, and in group 2 r = 0.677. The Sw of V˙Lamax was 0.04 mmol L−1 s−1 in both groups. In group 1, V˙Lamax showed a systematic bias due to measurement repetition of 0.02 mmol L−1 s−1 in an interval (LoA) of ±0.11 mmol L−1 s−1. In group 2, a systematic bias of −0.008 mmol L−1 s−1 at an interval (LoA) of ±0.11 mmol L−1 s−1 was observed for repeated measurements of V˙Lamax. (4) Conclusions: Based on the existing variability, a reliable calculation of V˙Lamax seems to be possible with both short and longer isokinetic force loads. Changes in V˙Lamax above 0.11 mmol L−1 s−1 due to training can be described as a non-random increase or decrease in V˙Lamax.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of Blood Lactate Concentration Rate under Isokinetic Force Loads

Nitzsche

Baumgärtel

Maiwald

et al. 2018

Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…RAST was chosen to examine the athletes because of the high intensity in short period. RAST is a practicable field test to estimate anaerobic capacity of athlete [17], [18]. RAST is widely used to measure anaerobic capacity in addition to the Wingate test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creatine Kinase and Blood Lactate on High Intensity Short Period Exercise

Nasuka¹,

Setiowati²,

Indrawati³

2021

saj

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High intensity of physical exercise in long period causes muscle damage. Muscle damage in physical exercise can occur due to muscle stretching followed by sarcomere disruption. Muscle damage can be detected by measuring several indicators or markers. Muscle protein efflux during severe physical activities signed by the increase of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and CK (Creatine Kinase). Many studies explained the effect of high intensity physical exercise in long period on muscle damage, but only few studies investigated the effect of high intensity exercise in short period. The purpose of research is to analyze the high intensity short period exercise on blood lactate and creatine kinase serum between elite and non-elite athlete. The post test only group design study was conducted to reach the aims of research. Seventy-five participants involved in this research and they were elite athletes (n=37) and non-elite athletes (n=38). The elite athletes were 24.71 ± 4.753 years old, while the non-elite athletes were 20.19 ± 1.619 years old. All participants perform Running -based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) as a high-intensity short period exercise. The velocity of athletes was calculated for each running track. The blood for lactate level and creatine kinase (CK) measurement was taken as soon as they finished the RAST. The blood lactate level was 6.96 mmol/L (non-elite) and 5.5 mmol/L (elite). The serum level of CK was 241 (non-elite) and 198.8 (elite). Both of elite and non-elite CK level were higher than normal value. There was no difference in blood lactate (p=0.063) and serum level of CK (p=0.241) between elite and non-elite athlete. The conclusion was the blood lactate and CK serum level after high intensity short period increased higher than the normal value. There was not difference between elite and non-elite athletes, suggesting that the elite and non-elite athletes put in the same effort in performing and running the test. The recommendation of this research is that the high intensity short period exercise should be alternatively implemented to avoid muscle damage to athlete.

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“…To increase both the TD and HSRD, six Repeated Anaerobic Sprint Tests (RAST) were included throughout the protocol at the beginning, mid-point and end of each half. The RAST consists of six 35 m sprints separated by 10 s of recovery between each sprint and has been reported to be a reliable measure of anaerobic power [ 20 ]. The GFSP has demonstrated strong test–retest reliability and participants covered an average relative TD of 116.9 m·min −1 and relative HSRD (m; >17 km·h −1 ) of 32.4 m·min −1 when completing the GFSP [ 21 ], which is comparable to elite competitive match play [ 1 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Pre-Game Carbohydrate Intake on Running Performance and Substrate Utilisation during Simulated Gaelic Football Match Play

et al. 2021

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Background: Previous research has reported that elite Gaelic football players’ carbohydrate (CHO) intakes are sub-optimal, especially, in the lead up to competitive matches. Despite clear decrements in running performance across elite Gaelic football matches, there are no studies that have investigated nutrition interventions on match-related Gaelic football performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether a higher-CHO diet in line with sports nutrition guidelines can improve Gaelic football-related performance compared to lower CHO intakes previously observed in Gaelic footballers. Methods: Twelve Gaelic football players completed a Gaelic football simulation protocol (GFSP) on two occasions after consuming a high-CHO diet (7 g·kg−1) (HCHO) or an energy-matched lower-CHO diet (3.5 g·kg−1) (L-CHO) for 48 h. Movement demands and heart rate were measured using portable global positioning systems devices. Countermovement jump height (CMJ) and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) were measured throughout each trial. Expired respiratory gases were collected throughout the trial using a portable gas analyser. Blood samples were taken at rest, half-time, and post-simulation. Results: There was no significant difference in total distance (p = 0.811; η2 = 0.005) or high-speed running distance (HSRD) covered between both trials. However, in the second half of the HCHO trial, HSRD was significantly greater compared to the second half of the LCHO trial (p = 0.015). Sprint distance covered during GFSP was significantly greater in HCHO (8.1 ± 3.5 m·min−1) compared with LCHO (6.4 ± 3.2 m·min−1) (p = 0.011; η2 = 0.445). RSA performance (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.735) and lower body power (CMJ) (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.683) were significantly greater during the HCHO trial compared to LCHO. Overall CHO oxidation rates were significantly greater under HCHO conditions compared to LCHO (3.3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.6 g·min−1) (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.798). Blood lactate concentrations were significantly higher during HCHO trial versus LCHO (p = 0.026; η2 = 0.375). There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and glycerol concentration between trials. In both trials, all blood metabolites were significantly elevated at half-time and post-trial compared to pre-trial. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a higher-CHO diet can reduce declines in physical performance during simulated Gaelic football match play.

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Reliability and validity of the running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) in soccer players

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Reproducibility of Blood Lactate Concentration Rate under Isokinetic Force Loads

Reproducibility of Blood Lactate Concentration Rate under Isokinetic Force Loads

Creatine Kinase and Blood Lactate on High Intensity Short Period Exercise

The Effects of Pre-Game Carbohydrate Intake on Running Performance and Substrate Utilisation during Simulated Gaelic Football Match Play

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