Reliability and Validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise and Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scales with Minority Older Adults

Abstract

Older African Americans and Latinos tend to exercise less than older Whites and are more likely to have chronic diseases that could benefit from exercise. Measurement of self-efficacy of exercise and exercise outcome expectations in this older population is required if exercise is to be monitored carefully and enhanced in this population. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE) and Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale (OEE) in a sample of African American and Latino older adults. A total of 166 individuals, 32 males (19%) and 134 females (81%) with an average age of 72.8 +/- 8.4 years participated in the study. The SEE and OEE scales were completed using face-to-face interviews. There was evidence of internal consistency for both scales with alphas of .89 and .90 for the SEE scale and .72 and .88 for the OEE scale. There was some evidence of validity for both scales based on confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing, because factor loadings were greater than .50 in all but two items in the OEE, and there were significant relationships between self-efficacy and outcome expectations and exercise behavior at all testing time-points. The measurement models showed a fair fit of the data to the models. The study provided some evidence for the reliability and validity of the SEE and OEE when used with minority older adults, and it provides some guidelines for future scale revisions and use.

Aspects of reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale for older people

“…According to the definition chosen in the present study (McHorney and Tarlov, 1995), no important floor or ceiling effects were present, which increases the usability of the scale. The results of the internal consistency are similar to other studies (Lee et al, 2009;Resnick and Jenkins, 2000;Resnick, Luisi, Vogel, and Junaleepa, 2004).…”

Environmental and Socio-Economic Factors as Contributors to Racial Disparities in Diabetes Prevalence

“…Possible socio-economic and environmental factors that were accounted for in the EHDIC-SWB study and may have precipitated the disparities in diabetes prevalence observed in NHIS include the allocation of preventive healthcare resources 2 , food security and quality 17,18 , exercise facilities and parks 19,20 , and perceived self-efficacy in disease prevention. 5,21,22 However, it is worth noting that segregation and socioe-economic status are not the only determinants of disparities in diabetes. This study provides insight into the nature of health disparities after accounting for confounding of race, SES, and segregation; however, several limitations of the study warrant comment.…”

Long-term Exercise After Pulmonary Rehabilitation (LEAP): Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial of Tai Chi

“…The CSES has high internal consistency (r=0.95) and test-retest reliability (r=0.77) [98]. The Exercise Self-Efficacy scale by Resnick similarly assesses one’s confidence in being able to exercise in the face of certain physical, emotional or situational barriers [98–100]. …”