Aspects of reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale for older people

Abstract

The aim was to test aspects of reliability and validity of a Swedish version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE-SV) for older people. Floor and ceiling effects, item-total correlation, internal consistency, test--retest reliability, content and construct validity were tested on 39 older people, mean age 72 years (SD 3.3). Content validity was also tested on five physical therapists. The results showed no floor and ceiling effects. The ICC for the total score was 0.79 (95% CI 0.61-0.89). The median weighted kappa coefficients square for the individual items was 0.63. Item-to-total correlation varied between 0.64 and 0.86 and Cronbach's Alpha for all items was >0.92. The correlations between SEE-SV and the SF-36 Mental Health and Bodily Pain subscales were r(s) = 0.50 and r(s) = 0.30 (ns), respectively. The correlation between SEE-SV and self-assessed physical activity was r(s) = 0.13 (ns). Eighty-nine percent responded that the items were relevant and 92% that no item should be excluded. All physical therapists considered the items relevant, but the written instructions could be improved. In conclusion, SEE-SV has good item-to-total correlation, satisfactory internal consistence and substantial test--retest reliability. Our results show satisfactory content validity; however, studies are needed to further evaluate construct validity and to evaluate other aspects such as predicitve validity and responsiveness.

Reliability of the Swedish version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (S-ESES): a test–retest study in adults with neurological disease

“…These were statements about ''how confident I am'': (1) ''that I can accomplish my physical activity and exercise goals that I set''; (2) ''that I can be physically active or exercise even when I am feeling depressed'' and (3) ''that I can be physically active or exercise even without the support of my family or friends''. In accordance with others, we found that the statement about feeling depressed showed a low correlation (Rydwik, Hovmöller, and Boström, 2014). This type of statement might be particularly affected by status from day to day and therefore not as stable over time.…”

“…The reliability analysis of the items showed that the median of linear weighted kappa indicated a substantial correlation (0.62). This is similar to the recent evaluations of another measure of self-efficacy for exercise with a median weighted kappa of 0.63 (Rydwik, Hovmöller, and Boström, 2014). However, caution should be observed when comparing kappa between instruments because kappa is dependent on the number of categories; the fewer the categories the higher the coefficient (Landis and Koch, 1977).…”

“…The relative reliability of the entire scale using ICC (2,1) indicates a very high correlation [0.92 (CI 0.84-0.96)], slightly higher than a previous reliability study on the use of this instrument [ICC 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.89)] (Nooijen et al, 2013) and slightly higher than the self-efficacy for exercise scale for older subjects [ICC 0.79 (95% CI 0.61-0.89)] (Rydwik, Hovmöller, and Boström, 2014). In the present study, the confidence interval (95% CI) was relatively small, which means that the result was close to the actual reliability (Morrow and Jackson, 1993).…”

“…This scale was chosen because it was designed for people with disabilities, was easy to use and quick to make, as there are relatively few questions. In Swedish, there is to our knowledge, only one translated measure of self-efficacy for exercise scale for elderly that is psychometrically tested (Rydwik, Hovmöller, and Boström, 2014). However, the ESES includes statements that are appropriate for persons with neurological diseases which are absent in the self-efficacy for physical activity for older people.…”

Psychometric evaluation of the Korean Version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale for older adults

“…One such measure, the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale (SEE), was developed and verified as a valid and reliable tool in older populations, 17 and further applied to African American and Latino older adults 18 in the United States. The SEE has also been translated into Chinese 19 and Swedish, 20 and these two translated versions were evaluated for the reliability and validity in samples of Taiwanese and Swedish population. We found no scale in Korean for self-efficacy for exercise for older adults available; thus, we deemed the SEE scale a suitable choice for measuring self-efficacy expectation because it is developed specifically for older adults and easily applicable to them, owing to its short length.…”