Reliability and Validity of Persian Version of “BEARS” Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire

Abstract

Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of Persian version of "BEARS" (B=Bedtime Issues, E= Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, A=Night Awakenings, R=Regularity and Duration of Sleep, S=Snoring) pediatric sleep questionnaire. Setting: Two primary care pediatric clinics in Tehran, IRAN Methods: In the first step BEARS sleep questionnaire filled and in a 2 to 4 week period BEARS completed again (by another questioner) and all of the subjects visited by sleep specialists for diagnosis of sleep problem. To determine test-retest reliability findings of BEARS compared during the time and between different questioners. To determine criteria validity, findings of BEARS compared with experts' diagnosis. Results: A total of 215 children (2-12 years old) were studied. From these 101 were in preschool age group (2-6 years old) and 114 in primary school age group (7-12 years old). All of the BEARS items in preschool age group and most of the items in school aged group had good to excellent test-retest reliability (P<0.05). Approximate to half of items in both age groups were valid (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of BEARS (a simple brief screening tool for pediatric sleep problems) is a reliable and relatively valid sleep screening tool in children especially in Persian language.

Validity and reliability related to the Persian version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire

“…15 A positive answer to these questions is a sign of a child's sleep problems and prompts the physician to extract more information. Mohammadi et al (2008) reported good reliability and validity for the Persian version of this scale. 16 This questionnaire was used in our study to better estimate convergent validity.…”

“…Mohammadi et al (2008) reported good reliability and validity for the Persian version of this scale. 16 This questionnaire was used in our study to better estimate convergent validity.…”

Untitled

“…Of these, the questionnaires of 250 children (130 boys and 120 girls) were usable for the data analysis. Iranian versions of two questionnaires, the Children's Sleep Habits questionnaire (CSHQ) 6,8,14,17 and BEARS (Bedtime problems, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Awakenings during the night, Regularity and duration of sleep and Snoring), 18 were completed by the interviewers. Bedtime problems in BEARS include resistance to going to bed and sleep onset latency (i.e.…”

“…19 The BEARS sleep screening tool is divided into five major sleep domains, providing a comprehensive screen of the major sleep disorders affecting children aged 2-18 years. 18,20 Each sleep domain has a set of age-appropriate 'trigger questions' for use in the clinical interview. The CSHQ screens common sleep problems in children aged 2-12 years and consists of 33 items and 8 subscales.…”

“…A total score of more than 33 is the cut off and indicates sleep problems and sleep disorders in children. 14,[17][18][19] The data were collected from the mothers and trained questioners in three days. The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago IL, USA).…”