Relevance of Proteomic Investigations in Plant Abiotic Stress Physiology

Abstract

Plant growth and productivity are influenced by various abiotic stresses. Stressful conditions may lead to delays in seed germination, reduced seedling growth, and decreased crop yields. Plants respond to environmental stresses via differential expression of a subset of genes, which results in changes in omic compositions, such as transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Since the development of modern biotechnology, various research projects have been carried out to understand the approaches that plants have adopted to overcome environmental stresses. Advancements in omics have made functional genomics easy to understand. Since the fundamentals of classical genomics were unable to clear up confusion related to the functional aspects of the metabolic processes taking place during stress conditions, new fields have been designed and are known as omics. Proteomics, the analysis of genomic complements of proteins, has caused a flurry of activity in the past few years. It defines protein functions in cells and explains how those protein functions respond to changing environmental conditions. The ability of crop plants to cope up with the variety of environmental stresses depends on a number of changes in their proteins, which may be up- and downregulated as a result of altered gene expression. Most of these molecules display an essential function, either in the regulation of the response (e.g., components of the signal transduction pathway), or in the adaptation process (e.g., enzymes involved in stress repair and degradation of damaged cellular contents), allowing plants to recover and survive the stress. Many of these proteins are constitutively expressed under normal conditions, but when under stress, they undergo a modification of their expression levels. This review will explain how proteomics can help in elucidating important plant processes in response to various abiotic stresses.

Proteomics of heavy metal toxicity in plants

“…Moreover, mRNA availability can be affected by post-transcriptional processes at the stage of RNA maturation, splicing, transportation or translation initiation as well as degradation (40). Therefore, the mRNA levels in a particular biological sample cannot always be used to predict changes in protein expression (30,41). In addition, protein expression is also regulated at the posttranslational level via glycosylation, phosphorylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation or ubiquitination (42,43).…”

Attenuation of Drought Stress in Brassica Seedlings with Exogenous Application of Ca2+ and H2O2

“…A number of abiotic stresses like drought, temperature, and salinity, usually reduce crop yield [1]. It has been approximated that crops reachonly 25% of their likely yield, because of the damaging effects of environmental stresses [2].…”

A Proteomic Approach to Understand the Tripartite Interactions Between Plant-Trichoderma-Pathogen: Investigating the Potential for Efficient Biological Control

“…2D-PAGE gels also offer information on various biochemical and biophysical parameters including isoelectric point, molecular weight, and posttranslational modifi cations (PTMs) (Gorg et al 2004 ;WittmannLiebold et al 2006 ). 2D-PAGE is a reproducible, sensitive, and steadfast technique for studying comparative alterations in proteome of an organism (Somiari et al 2003 ;Hakeem et al 2012 ).…”