Relevance of membrane biological reactor in heavy metals recovery: Diminutive review

Abstract

Heavy metals are extensively utilized in modern industries in various process. Subsequently a large quantity of waste generated as byproduct that have great impact on environment. A higher concentration of almost all heavy metals are toxic in nature for all living organisms. Therefore, the wastes discharged from the conventional treatment plants deteriorate the natural ecosystems; qualities of water sources and farmlands. Globally, activated sludge waste treatment technology have been widely used as a metal recovery process. The technique miscarried to attain the anticipated removal efficiency. Recently, membrane biological reactor (MBR) system has emerged as an important alternative to conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems. The work describes the potency of microbes for extraction heavy metal from wastes, the enhancements in biotechnology, characterization of specific wastes, optimization parameters to operate under various conditions that prevail in membrane bioreactors. The performance of the MBR technology shows good results to reduce all types heavy metals with supporting evidence, which obtained from the results of prominent studies.