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1. Level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is basic physiological needs measured by salary, adequate housing, and food. Attainment of these needs increased the length of stay of nursing assistants in nursing homes. 2. Safety and security (level 2) influenced length of stay of nursing assistants. Those with benefits of retirement, vacation, and holiday pay tended to have less turnover. 3. Praise by the patient and family was most important to nursing assistants. Belonging to a peer group and praise by charge nurse also decreased turnover of nursing assistants (level 3). 4. Level 4, self-esteem measured by input into decisions and being able to criticize, increased length of stay of nursing assistants.

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This study identified the knowledge base and practices of Registered Nurse, Certified Diabetes Educators (RN, CDEs) regarding their exercise teaching programs for elderly clients who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The random sample of 197 AADE members surveyed by questionnaire was a highly educated and experienced group. RN, CDEs who worked 30 or more hours per week in diabetes education or attended four or more continuing education (CE) programs per year had significantly more comprehensive exercise teaching program designs and instructional techniques to enhance elderly NIDDM clients' learning (P < .05). However, many CDEs do not teach their elderly clients about exercise due to lack of resources, lack of specific knowledge to prescribe exercise,and negative stereotypes of elderly clients' ability to exercise. Greater availability of educational programs for CDEs to explore curriculum development, program planning, evaluation, and exercise prescription for elderly clients with multisystem disease is recommended.

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