Relevance of cystatin‐C, N‐acetylglucosaminidase, and Interleukin‐18 with the diagnosis of acute kidney injury induced by cadmium in rats

Abstract

The diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently established on modifications in serum creatinine (SCr). The discriminative and prognostic aptitudes of serum cystatin-C as well as N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) were inspected for the estimation of AKI. In this study twelve rats were alienated into two groups: control group received saline, second group received cadmium chloride at a dose (2.4 mg Cd/kg/day, i.p) for 30 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), SCr, and IL-18 serum level were measured in addition to serum and tissue content of cystatin-C and NAG. AKI model showed significant increase in BUN, creatinine, and IL-18. RT-PCR showed upregulation of cystatin-C gene besides significant increase of its level in serum. Additionally, tissue content of NAG was significantly increased. Our findings may provide that grouping of several biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI is a more valuable diagnostic tool than single-marker measurement.

In vitro evaluation of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through gene expression using gentamicin

“…analyzed a panel of biomarkers for different nephrotoxic drugs, including gentamicin, and found a significant increase in KIM‐1 expression in the HK‐2 cells. The increased expression of CST3 was identified by Mohamed Ali et al . in a study using rats.…”

“…Therefore, it is essential to research new in vitro biomarkers for nephrotoxicity to develop safer drugs. As a result, many alternatives methods have been studied to replace animals . Given that the development of alternative in vitro methods for the optimization of preclinical evaluations facilitates the evaluation of efficacy and safety, these methods have become very important in the process of selecting safer drugs that are candidates for the development of clinical studies .…”

The Antidiabetic and Antinephritic Activities of Tuber melanosporum via Modulation of Nrf2‐Mediated Oxidative Stress in the db/db Mouse

“…NAG is a lysosomal enzyme in proximal tubular cells and serves as an index of intense tubular damage in the early stages [ 43 ]. Similar to Met treatment, 0.4 g/kg of TM reduced the levels of NAG in the kidneys of the db/db mice by 37.6% ( p < 0.01, Figure 3(a) ).…”