Relevance and Benefits of Urban Water Reuse in Tourist Areas

Abstract

Urban water reuse is one of the most rapidly growing water reuse applications worldwide and one of the major elements of the sustainable management of urban water cycle. Because of the high probability of direct contact between consumers and recycled water, many technical and regulatory challenges have to be overcome in order to minimize health risks at affordable cost. This paper illustrates the keys to success of one of the first urban water reuse projects in the island Bora Bora, French Polynesia. Special emphasis is given on the reliability of operation of the membrane tertiary treatment, economic viability in terms of pricing of recycled water and operating costs, as well as on the benefits of water reuse for the sustainable development of tourist areas.

Conditional Order-m Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants: The Role of Environmental Factors

“…Much of the strain can be relieved by re-utilizing water and so increasing the available supply for some agricultural and industrial uses [5,6]. Although wastewater treatment does not always involve water reuse, it is an important issue arising in many cases, gradually spreading and evolving.…”

Water reclamation for industrial use in sub-Saharan Africa – a critical review

“…The importance of water reclamation as a way of supplementing water supply needs, improving sanitation services through wastewater treatment and disposal, and maintaining a sustainable environment is commonly acknowledged (Kennedy and Tsuchihashi, 2005;Lazarova et al, 2012Lazarova et al, , 2013Miller, 2006;Yerri and Piratla, 2019). The use of reclaimed water increases the total available water supply, substituting drinking water where appropriate (Asano, 2005) and preserving the health of waterways, wetlands, flora and fauna (Asano, 2005;Toze, 2006).…”

“…Using reclaimed water, scarcity, environmental pollution and human-health issues can be addressed and can positively impact the quality of the urban environment and lead to improved urban health (Rietveld et al, 2016;Salgot and Folch, 2018). There are a wide variety of water reclamation applications, including irrigation, industry water supply, non-potable urban uses, environmental and recreational enhancement, and even direct consumption (Angelakis and Gikas, 2014;Lazarova et al, 2012;Van der Bruggen, 2010;USEPA, 2012).…”

“…Gulamussen et al: Water reclamation for industrial use in sub-Saharan Africa 2016). Case studies also show that significant advances in water reclamation have occurred in arid regions including Australia, China, Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, and the US (Lazarova et al, 2013). In temperate regions, water reclamation is characterized by fast development in particular for industrial applications and in environmental and urban water reclamation (Lazarova et al, 2013;Rietveld et al, 2011;Van Agtmaal et al, 2007).…”

Selecting a Sustainable Disinfection Technique for Wastewater Reuse Projects

“…Also, WFD committed European Union member states to submit their river basin management plans to the European Commission in March 2010 [2]. Among the actions in response to these demands, the WFD encourages Member States to direct their efforts towards wastewater reuse [3]. Wastewater reuse is becoming particularly important in those zones where the water resource is quantitatively and qualitatively scarce [4,5].…”