Release of pollutant components in CLC of lignite

Mercury Release and Speciation in Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal

“…It is interesting to highlight that the major mercury species in the fuel reactor atmosphere was again Hg 0 (g). Important mercury oxidation inhibition by SO 2 would also be expectable in the experiments with lignite, as the concentration of this gas in the fuel rector was very high [10]. In the oxidizing environment of the air reactor, Hg 2+ was again the most abundant species.…”

“…In order to further evaluate mercury emissions in CLC systems, the measurements using Fe-ESF and anthracite were compared to those obtained in the same experimental unit using ilmenite as oxygen carrier and Spanish lignite as fuel [10]. The mercury content in the lignite used was 0.11 mg/kg and the chlorine content was 63 mg/kg, both less than in the case of anthracite.…”

Sewage sludge combustion in a CLC process using nickel-based oxygen carrier

“…In our previous study, the nitrogen compound in the reduction period was mainly N 2 using Ni-based oxygen carrier with coal during CLC process [53]. Mendiara et al also found that N 2 was the main compound in the fuel reactor during CLC of lignite based on ilmentite [54]. In addition, Ni-based oxygen carrier acts as a catalyst, which is quite active not only for tar reduction, but also for NH 3 decomposition [55].…”

“…The emissions of N 2 O and NO x during CLC process are not quantitatively but qualitatively analyzed in this work, which will be studied in our further work. It is wellknown that chemical looping combustion is a novel combustion technology with low emissions of N 2 O and NO x due to the indirect contact between air and fuel [53,54]. In our previous study, the nitrogen compound in the reduction period was mainly N 2 using Ni-based oxygen carrier with coal during CLC process [53].…”

Oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion

“…• A 10-kW unit for solid fuels at Chalmers (Berguerand & Lyngfelt, 2008a,b;Berguerand & Lyngfelt, 2009a,b;Cuadrat, Linderholm, et al, 2011;Linderholm, Lyngfelt, Cuadrat, & Jerndal, 2012) • A 140-kW unit at Vienna University of Technology Kolbitsch et al, 2009c;Pr€ oll, Mayer, et al, 2009) • A 0.3-kW unit at Chalmers (Moldenhauer et al, 2012;Rydén et al, 2010) • A 10-kW unit at University of Stuttgart (Bidwe et al, 2011) • A 0.5e1.5 kW unit for solid fuels at CSIC (Cuadrat et al, 2011a,b;Cuadrat et al, 2012a,b;Mendiara, Izquierdo, et al, 2014) • A 100-kW unit for solid fuels at Chalmers (Linderholm, Schmitz, Knutsson, K€ allén, & Lyngfelt, 2014 (Moldenhauer, Rydén, Mattisson, Younes, & Lyngfelt, 2014) In addition, a 1-MW chemical-looping pilot has been built and operated with ilmenite in partial CLC mode (Str€ ohle, Orth, & Epple, 2014), i.e. with support of air to maintain fuel-reactor temperature.…”