Release of chlorinated, brominated and mixed halogenated dioxin-related compounds to soils from open burning of e-waste in Agbogbloshie (Accra, Ghana)

Tue, Nguyen Minh; Goto, Akitoshi; Takahashi, Shin; Itai, Takaaki; Asante, Kwadwo Ansong; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Tanabe, Shinsuke

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.062

Cited by 157 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although coal combustion used for cooking has been identified as a potential source of chloride emissions (Ianniello et al, 2011;McCulloch et al, 1999), this practice has not been observed in the area. However, chloride species may be emitted from household waste-burning/smoldering, for which particle-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls have been measured in previous studies (Gullett et al, 2001;Lemieux et al, 2004;Tue et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2009), or from sea salt particles subject to high-temperature combustion processes (since this factor is also observed to a lesser extent in the direction of the fishsmoking area). Besides, the NWR plots of Chl (local influence) and LCOA (both local and regional) rather suggest the presence of chlorinated organics.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Rivellini¹,

Chiapello²,

Tison³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The present study offers the first chemical characterization of the submicron (PM 1 ) fraction in western Africa at a high time resolution, thanks to collocated measurements of nonrefractory (NR) species with an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM), black carbon and iron concentrations derived from absorption coefficient measurements with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer, and total PM 1 determined by a TEOM-FDMS (tapered element oscillating microbalance-filtered dynamic measurement system) for mass closure. The field campaign was carried out over 3 months (March to June 2015) as part of the SHADOW (SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) project at a coastal site located in the outskirts of the city of Mbour, Senegal. With an averaged mass concentration of 5.4 µg m −3 , levels of NR PM 1 in Mbour were 3 to 10 times lower than those generally measured in urban and suburban polluted environments. Nonetheless the first half of the observation period was marked by intense but short pollution events (NR PM 1 concentrations higher than 15 µg m −3 ), sea breeze phenomena and Saharan desert dust outbreaks (PM 10 up to 900 µg m −3 ). During the second half of the campaign, the sampling site was mainly under the influence of marine air masses. The air masses on days under continental and sea breeze influences were dominated by organics (36-40 %), whereas sulfate particles were predominant (40 %) for days under oceanic influence. Overall, measurements showed that about threequarters of the total PM 1 were explained by NR PM 1 , BC (black carbon) and Fe (a proxy for dust) concentrations, leaving approximately one-quarter for other refractory species. A mean value of 4.6 % for the Fe / PM 1 ratio was obtained. Source apportionment of the organic fraction, using positive matrix factorization (PMF), highlighted the impact of local combustion sources, such as traffic and residential activities, which contribute on average to 52 % of the total organic fraction. A new organic aerosol (OA) source, representing on average 3 % of the total OA fraction, showed similar variation to nonrefractory particulate chloride. Its rose plot and daily pattern pointed to local combustion processes, i.e., two open waste-burning areas located about 6 and 11 km away from the receptor site and to a lesser extent a traditional fish-smoking location. The remaining fraction was identified as oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA), a factor that prevailed regardless of the day type (45 %) and was representative of regional (approximately three-quarters) but also local (approximately one-quarter) sources due to enhanced photochemical processes.

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Section: Source Apportionment Of Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Rivellini¹,

Chiapello²,

Tison³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Ash samples were also comprised of rare metalloids like bismuth among the other common metals [26]. Soil samples collected in open burning areas also contained dioxin-related compounds (DRCs) including chlorinated, brominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo- p -dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs, PCDD/Fs, PXDD/Fs); PBDFs were the most prevalent in samples suggesting that the repetitive combustion of plastics is the main source of chemical contamination [28]. Another study linked the burning of metallic compounds containing copper, lead, zinc, and bromine to the formation of DRCs using soil samples taken from burning areas in Agbogbloshie [29].…”

Section: Environmental Health Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a More Sustainable Trajectory for E-Waste Policy: A Review of a Decade of E-Waste Research in Accra, Ghana

Daum

Stoler

Grant

2017

IJERPH

111

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Global flows of e-waste from the Global North to the Global South continue to damage local environments and harm human health. Weak e-waste regulations and limited use of safety measures for e-waste workers in Accra, Ghana, foster an exploitative environment within the industry, and pose health risks for those working and living near e-waste processing sites. This paper presents an integrated review of over 40 e-waste studies specific to Accra, with particular emphasis on the well-studied e-waste processing site in Agbogbloshie, and synthesizes the existing research base across interdisciplinary themes of human health, environmental health, globalization, trade and informalization, and public policy. Despite significant international attention to Accra’s e-waste problem, loopholes within international environmental regulations and treaties provide few incentives and resources for Ghana to strengthen protections for human and environmental health. After a decade of e-waste research in Accra, the crisis continues to intensify; we present a renewed vision for sustainable e-waste policy reform in Ghana and beyond.

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“…They are released into the environment from various sources and life stages: in the use stage of the product, including in the dust [131][132][133], in the treatment stage in recycling facilities [134][135][136][137][138][139][140], and in landfill sites [141][142][143]. Mizouchi et al revealed that BFRs and phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) were detected in all of the dust samples gathered from elementary schools (18 samples) and domestic houses (10 samples) in Japan in 2009 and 2010.…”

Section: Persistent Chemicals and Hazardous Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste prevention for sustainable resource and waste management

Sakai

Yano

Hirai

et al. 2017

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Release of chlorinated, brominated and mixed halogenated dioxin-related compounds to soils from open burning of e-waste in Agbogbloshie (Accra, Ghana)

Cited by 157 publications

References 29 publications

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosols measured in Senegal during the 2015 SHADOW campaign

Toward a More Sustainable Trajectory for E-Waste Policy: A Review of a Decade of E-Waste Research in Accra, Ghana

Waste prevention for sustainable resource and waste management

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