Release of brain–type and heart–type fatty acid–binding proteins in serum after acute ischaemic stroke

Abstract

This study aimed at an analysis of the release of Braintype and Heart-type Fatty Acid- Binding Proteins (B-FABP and HFABP) in acute ischaemic stroke and their potential value as neurobiochemical markers of brain damage. We investigated 42 consecutive patients admitted within 6 hours after ischaemic stroke. Serial venous blood samples were taken hourly between 1 to 6 hours, and at 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after stroke onset. In all patients lesion topography was assessed and infarct volume was calculated. The neurological deficit was quantified by the National Institutes of Health stroke scale score, and functional outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale 3 months after stroke. H-FABP and B-FABP concentrations showed peak values already 2 to 3 hours after stroke onset and remained elevated up to last measurements at 120 hours.Unlike BFABP, early H-FABP concentrations were significantly associated with the severity of the neurological deficit and the functional outcome. High H-FABP release was associated with large infarction on CT. Our study shows for the first time quantitative data of serum BFABP and H-FABP being elevated early in acute ischaemic stroke indicating that especially H-FABP might have the potential to be a rapid marker of brain damage and clinical severity. As both FABPs indicate damage to neuronal and glial tissue but are not specific for cerebral infarction, further investigations are needed to better understand the prolonged release of both in ischaemic stroke which is in contrast to the transient increase after myocardial infarction and can not be explained by their renal extraction.

Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Is a Plasma Biomarker Closely Associated with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

“…We also found that A-FABP is one of the most abundant proteins secreted from adipocytes and confirmed the presence of circulating A-FABP in humans. In line with our results, data from previous studies have shown that several members of the FABP family, including H-FABP (33 ), L-FABP (34 ), intestine-type FABP (I-FABP) (35 ), and brain-type FABP (B-FABP) (36 ), are present in the human bloodstream, presumably being released from the cells via direct diffusion. Recent data indicated that H-FABP is a promising plasma biomarker for early and sensitive diagnosis of acute coronary heart syndrome and myocardial infarction in heart failure (33 ) and that B-FABP may be a plasma biomarker for the detection of brain injury (36 ).…”

“…In line with our results, data from previous studies have shown that several members of the FABP family, including H-FABP (33 ), L-FABP (34 ), intestine-type FABP (I-FABP) (35 ), and brain-type FABP (B-FABP) (36 ), are present in the human bloodstream, presumably being released from the cells via direct diffusion. Recent data indicated that H-FABP is a promising plasma biomarker for early and sensitive diagnosis of acute coronary heart syndrome and myocardial infarction in heart failure (33 ) and that B-FABP may be a plasma biomarker for the detection of brain injury (36 ). Our immunoassay results for human A-FABP revealed that in lean persons the circulating concentration of this protein is substantially higher than those of several other major adipokines and/or cytokines secreted from adipose tissue, including resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-␣, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein (27,37,38 ).…”

PARK7 and Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase A as Plasma Markers for the Early Diagnosis of Stroke

“…Our results were recently reinforced by 3 independent studies, showing an increase of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in patients suffering from mild traumatic brain injury (34 ), stroke (35 ), and neurodegenerative diseases with dementia (36 ). We believe the model of postmortem CSF may partly reproduce mechanisms underlying the ischemic cascade of events leading to stroke lesions and, as such, may confer scientific plausibility to the biomarkers identified.…”

Evaluation of S100A10, annexin II and B‐FABP expression as markers for renal cell carcinoma

“…Recently it was demonstrated that the serum level of B-FABP is a sensitive marker for brain injury. (28)(29)(30) B-FABP in the serum or urine as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for RCC is currently under investigation. Total 13 0 0 1 12 0 3 2 8 4 3 2 4 Nuclear grade G1 3 --1 2 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 G2 8 ---8 -2 1 5 2 3 1 2 G3 2 ---2 ---2 1 --1 T category pT1a 8 --1 7 -3 1 4 2 2 -4 pT1b 2 ---2 ---2 -1 1 -pT2 3 ---3 --1 2 2 -1 -Stage Stage I 10 --1 9 -3 1 6 2 3 1 4 Stage II 3 ---3 --1 2 2...…”

“…PCR amplification was performed for each gene using the indicated primers. The PCR protocol was at 95°C for 5 min followed by 30 2700 (Applied Biosystems, Tokyo, Japan). The PCR product was analyzed on 3% agarose, as described previously.…”