Release of a liver anticancer drug, sorafenib from its PVA/LDH- and PEG/LDH-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery applications

Abstract

The use of nanocarriers composed of polyethylene glycol- and polyvinyl alcohol-coated vesicles encapsulating active molecules in place of conventional chemotherapy drugs can reduce many of the chemotherapy-associated challenges because of the increased drug concentration at the diseased area in the body. The present study investigated the structure and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol as the basic surface coating agents. We used superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FNPs) as the core and studied their effectiveness when two polymers, namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), were used as the coating agents together with magnesium–aluminum-layered double hydroxide (MLDH) as the nanocarrier. In addition, the anticancer drug sorafenib (SO), was loaded on MLDH and coated onto the surface of the nanoparticles, to best exploit this nano-drug delivery system for biomedical applications. Samples were prepared by the co-precipitation method, and the resulting formation of the nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray, FTIR, TEM, SEM, DLS, HPLC, UV–Vis, TGA and VSM. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that all the as-synthesized samples contained highly crystalline and pure Fe3O4. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the shape of FPEGSO-MLDH nanoparticles was generally spherical, with a mean diameter of 17 nm, compared to 19 nm for FPVASO-MLDH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of nanocarriers with polymer-coating on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles and the existence of loaded active drug consisting of sorafenib. Thermogravimetric analyses demonstrated the thermal stability of the nanoparticles, which displayed enhanced anticancer effect after coating. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curves of both produced samples showed superparamagnetic behavior with the high saturation magnetization of 57 emu/g for FPEGSO-MLDH and 49 emu/g for FPVASO-MLDH. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a narrow size distribution of both final samples. The SO drug loading and the release behavior from FPEGSO-MLDH and FPVASO-MLDH were assessed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. This evaluation showed around 85% drug release within 72 h, while 74% of sorafenib was released in phosphate buffer solution at pH 4.8. The release profiles of sorafenib from the two designed samples were found to be sustained according to pseudo-second-order kinetics. The cytotoxicity studies confirmed the anti-cancer activity of the coated nanoparticles loaded with SO against liver cancer cells, HepG2. Conversely, the drug delivery system was less toxic than the pure drug towards fibroblast-type 3T3 cells.

Recent developments in alginate-based adsorbents for removing phosphate ions from wastewater: a review

“…While A n − symbolizes the interlayer anion and α is the N 3+ /(M 2+ + N 3+ ) molar ratio in the range 0.18 to 0.33. 105 Recently, LDHs have received enormous attention and are widely applied in many applications, such as drug delivery, 106 solar cells, 107 gas sensors, 108 catalysis, 109 and especially in wastewater treatment. 110 Indeed, LDHs have promising merits, including large surface area, large interlayer spaces, high anion exchange capacity in the range 2–5 mmol g −1 , and flexibility in composition.…”

Chemotherapeutic nanomaterials in tumor boundary delineation: Prospects for effective tumor treatment

“…Edabi et al. 141 investigated the efficacy of sorafenib loaded in polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol matrix with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as the core as a chemotherapeutic nanomaterial for liver tumor treatment. They subsequently recorded a 74% sorafenib release at pH 4.8 in a pseudo-second order release kinetics.…”

Sorafenib Repurposing for Ophthalmic Delivery by Lipid Nanoparticles: A Preliminary Study

“…Based on the obtained results, considering the overall behaviour, SLN A8-DB was selected for the encapsulation of SRF, a drug approved for the treatment of kidney cancer and advanced liver cancer [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] that has been recently investigated for the potential treatment of uveal melanoma and retinal neovascular diseases [2,3,7,8,11,[51][52][53].…”