Release of a Kinin Peptide in the Carcinoid Syndrome

Oates, J A; Sjoerdsma, Kenneth Melmon Albert; Gillespie, Louis J.; Mason, D. F. J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)92907-1

Cited by 277 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results obtained with carcinoid patients support those previously obtained by Oates, Melman, Sjoerdsma, Gillespie & Mason (1964). These workers, using a method involving ethanolic inactivation of blood enzymes, followed by an ion exchange purification, found increased levels of kinin in hepatic venous blood during the carcinoid flush.…”

Section: Estimation Of Kinins In Man Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Determination of plasma kinin and kininogen levels in man

Brocklehurst¹,

Zeitlin²

1967

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A method for the estimation of free plasma kinin and kininogen is described, which is suitable for samples of blood taken in hospital.2. The method permits the assay of very low levels of kinin and substantially eliminates errors due to the presence of amines and other interfering substances.3. In normal subjects the mean value of free kinin is 2-8 ng (bradykinin equivalent)/ml. plasma, and 6-1,ug kininogen/ml.4. In vasovagal fainting, carcinoid flush, and dumping syndrome, during the phase of peripheral vasodilatation, the free kinin exceeds 10 ng/ml., and is often in excess of 30 ng/ml.5. Sudden release of free kinin is accompanied by a fall in kininogen level.

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Section: Estimation Of Kinins In Man Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Determination of plasma kinin and kininogen levels in man

Brocklehurst¹,

Zeitlin²

1967

The Journal of Physiology

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“…of 0.2 M Tris buffer, and incubated at 370 C for 30 min with 0.1 mg crystalline trypsin. The kinins were purified by cation-exchange using 5 cm x 1 cm columns of Amberlite IRC-50 (Oates, Melmon, Sjoerdsma, Gillespie & Mason, 1964) and assayed on the isolated rat uterus. The kininogen content of the original tissue was expressed as the amount of kinin formed (,ug/g tissue).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence for the involvement of kinin in anaphylactic shock in the rat

Starr

West

1969

British J Pharmacology

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1. Sodium phenylbutazone, soya bean trypsin inhibitor, or the concomitant administration of ascorbic acid and mepyramine protected rats against anaphylactic shock at 10 days after sensitization but gave no protection against anaphylaxis at 20 days. 2. During anaphylactic shock in rats at 10 days after sensitization, the plasma bradykinin and bradykininogen levels, as well as those in the intestinal lumen and peritoneal cavity, were markedly raised. 3. The results support the hypothesis that there are two phases in anaphylaxis in the rat-an early phase in which bradykinin is a mediator and against which phenylbutazone or soya bean trypsin inhibitor or the mixture of ascorbic acid and mepyramine, give protection, and a late phase which does not involve bradykinin.During anaphylaxis in the rat bradykinin is formed and released in large quantities (Dawson, Starr & West, 1966). Histamine does not appear to play a major role in this type of shock as the specific antihistamine drug, mepyramine, fails to protect the animal. 5-Hydroxytryptamine also may not be involved, although its toxicity like those of bradykinin and histamine is greatly increased during the period of maximal sensitization (Sanyal & West, 1958).We have now examined the effects of another group of antagonists on the severity of anaphylactic shock in the rat, and then studied changes in the kinin and kininogen levels in certain body fluids and tissues during anaphylaxis. MethodsGroups of ten or more male or female Wistar albino rats weighing 120-150 g were obtained from Fison's Ltd (Holmes Chapel). They were allowed free access to food and water.

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“…Synthetic bradykinin1 and synthetic lysylbradykinin 2 were employed. Triple-crystallized salt free lyophilized trypsin and lyophilized chymotrypsin were purchased.3 IRC-50 (CG-50) 100 to 200 mesh, hydrogen form 4 was prepared as follows: The resin was washed twice with distilled water, washed repeatedly with 3 N ammonium hydroxide until the pH exceeded 9 (pH meter), washed with water, washed with 4 N acetic acid to reduce the pH below 3.5, washed again with water, 3Worthington Biochemical Corp., Freehold, N. J.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous report (2), it was shown that a kinin peptide was released into the hepatic venous blood of some patients with carcinoid syndrome during flushes induced by epinephrine. A kininforming enzyme (kallikrein) was found in several carcinoid tumors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%