Release kinetics of actives from chewing gums into saliva monitored by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

Abstract

Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to monitor the release kinetics of a taste-refreshing compound from chewing gums into the saliva of subjects. A new DART-MS sample probe was designed which was about four times more sensitive than the current benchmark probe. This decreased the impact of the dilution of the saliva samples that was required to minimize ion suppression effects and make quantitative analyses without an internal standard possible. The new probe was also about three times more reproducible, which allowed quantitative measurements to be conducted manually without requiring the enhanced precision provided by an automatic sample positioner. The accuracy of analyses performed by DART-MS was verified by comparing the results obtained from saliva samples analyzed both by DART-MS and by a more classical liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method. This investigation showed good agreement between the two techniques. DART-MS could then be used to objectively demonstrate the efficiency of a granular carbohydrate-based delivery system to boost for a few minutes the release of a lipophilic flavor raw material with a high octanol/water partition coefficient, cyclohexanecarboxamide, N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) (WS-3), from chewing gum into saliva.

Some new features of Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry utilizing the desorption at an angle option

“…The sensitivity of DART‐MS was, however, 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than that of electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS . Several attempts to decrease the detection limits of DART‐MS for liquids were made: increasing the surface of a sampling probe by coiling several turns of wire around the needle, providing a 4‐fold benefit in sensitivity, micro solid‐phase extraction (SPE; microextraction by packed sorbent, MEPS) combined with DART‐MS, and stir‐bar sorptive extraction prior to DART‐MS . In our opinion, the coiled wire approach with an increased sampling surface, and thus an increased liquid volume, is very attractive, because it does not require additional steps which might complicate the analysis.…”

Applications of DART‐MS for food quality and safety assurance in food supply chain

“…Another type of mass spectrometer detector, time of flight (TOF), has been applied broadly (Paseiro-Cerrato, Noonan, & Begley, 2014). Multiple hybrid mass spectrometers are also frequently used, such as quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) , triple quadrupole-linear ion trap (QqLIT) (Jeckelmann & Haefliger, 2010), quadrupoleorbitrap (Q-orbitrap) (Fraser et al, 2013), and linear quadrupole ion trap-orbitrap (LIT-orbitrap) (Farr e, Pic o, & Barcel o, 2013). Except for magnetic sector, all mass analyzers have been thoroughly investigated for DART-MS analyzing, and most of them can acquire satisfying results comparing with other conventional methods.…”

“…The suitability and analytical accuracy of the probe were verified by comparing the results obtained by DART-QqLIT-MS and LC-MS. The newly developed method was also used to demonstrate the efficiency of a granular carbohydrate based delivery system to boost the release of WS-3 during the first few minutes of chewing (Jeckelmann & Haefliger, 2010).…”

Monolith dip-it: a bifunctional device for improving the sensitivity of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

“…One way is to introduce a laser for sample desorption, like plasma assisted laser desorption ionization (PALDI), 11 and to use a matrix for improving desorption efficiency, like ambient surface-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (SALDI). 12,13 A second way is to design a new sample loading device, like a wire sample probe 14 and electro-thermal vaporizer. 15 These two strategies are feasible and efficient for its easy operation and short analysis time, but make the apparatus more complicated and restrict its high throughput analysis to some extent.…”