Release kinetic model of nitrogen released encapsulated in starch-alginate controlled released urea: Diffusion and its decay release

Phang, Siew Wei; Sin, Lee Tin; Bee, Soo‐Tueen; Tee, Tiam‐Ting

doi:10.1063/5.0001499

Cited by 9 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…50 phr (10 g) of starch were dissolved in 400ml of distilled water. In the same solution 50 phr (10 g) PVA and 10 phr (2 g) Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate was added [21]. The solution was stirred using a mechanical stirrer (CAT.R50D) at 400 rpm in a 97℃-water bath for 2 hours until a homogenized mixture is formed.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of hydrogel controlled-released Phosphorus encapsulated in starch-polyvinyl alcohol film

Selapa,

Phang,

Shuib

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Traditional soluble phosphorous(P) fertilizers can easily leach into water systems causing water eutrophication, a major environmental problem caused by an excess release of nutrients. Controlling the release of P in response to the plant demand could reduce fertilizer’s losses and also reduce environmental pollution. This study establishes a concept of controlled release fertilizer, in which a hydrogel fertilizer film is fabricated by incorporating starch, polyvinyl alcohol and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer which tend to immobilize the release of phosphate ions and accelerate responsively their release rate in the presence of water. The experiment aims to study the effect of incorporating Starch, and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate fertilizer by varying the composition of PVA-Starch-Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate and preparing the films through solution casting method. FTIR is being used to investigate the effect of Starch, PVA, and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate composition on the intermolecular bonding of the fabricated film. A total of 10 samples with different material composition is prepared and the intermolecular bonding between this composition is being compared with that of pure starch, pure PVA and pure Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer. The FTIR peak will reveal evidence of hydrogen bonding between phosphate molecules and the functional group of polymer molecules as well as showed all the characteristics band of Starch, PVA and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate. The varying formulation of film corresponded to varying intensity of peak and also stretching vibrations.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of hydrogel controlled-released Phosphorus encapsulated in starch-polyvinyl alcohol film

Selapa,

Phang,

Shuib

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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show abstract

“…The preparation method was discussed in detailed by the author in the previous paper [24], [26], as well as the formulations designed. Total of 16 formulations was prepared, as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Preparation Of Hydrogel Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical interaction of the beads was found using a FTIR (Spectrum 100, Perkin Elmer). The chemical bonds were found when the wavelength range was set from 4000 cm -1 to 650 cm -1 by using ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) sampling method [25]. A total of 18 scans were done including the pure starch, sodium alginate.…”

Section: Transform Infrared (Ftir) Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A preliminary study of chemical property and thermal stability of potassium chloride encapsulated in starch-alginate matrix

Chen

Phang

Shuib

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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A potassium controlled-release fertilizer was fabricated in a starch-alginate matrix by using calcium chloride as a cross-linker. 16 formulas were designed with varying amounts of alginate and potassium chloride with the same amount of starch and calcium chloride, and most of the formulas can form beads successfully. High sodium alginate and low potassium chloride assembled better shape and higher encapsulation efficiency. The highest encapsulation efficiency ratio of starch, sodium alginate, and potassium chloride was 5:1:10 in the 16 formulas. The bonding of alginate and starch, and calcium chloride were evidenced by FTIR, and the study of TGA revealed good thermal stability and compatibility between the polymers and potassium chloride.

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“…However, another study indicates that urea fertilizers withdrawal can be controlled through alginate starch. The objective of these modules is the same: to encapsulate urea fertilizers; therefore, the supply could be controlled, and the plants could absorb more nutrients adequately [15]. Due to high hydrophilicity and insu cient mechanical characteristics, starch is ineffective in utilizing alone as a coating component [16], and lignin leads to contamination with carbohydrates [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginger extracted oil as an alternative for the emulsion to prepare chitosan microspheres for urea controlled release fertilizer

Chai

Luo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The study aimed to evaluate the potential of ginger essential oil in urea loading efficacy to prepare the controlled release chitosan microspheres. The ginger oil was extracted by applying the Clevenger apparatus for hydro-distillation, and the chemical composition was characterized by using FT-IR. The chitosan microspheres and urea loaded were formulated through modified emulsification and followed cross-linking procedure. Response surface test was used to evaluate various factors and levels related to preparation of microspheres. The nitrogen content, yield were observed in the present study. Furthermore, SEM and FT-IR were applied to characterize the microspheres. The results showed that the yield of the ginger oil was 6.0% and citral was observed as the most enriched compound, 89.05% in oil. Response surface analysis showed that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: 2.094% of Span-80, 2.302% of acetic acid, and the crosslinking agent ratio of formaldehyde to glutaraldehyde was 1:8.148. Under these conditions, the theoretical value of nitrogen content of urea-loaded chitosan microspheres was 4.683%. The FT-IR results proved the authenticity of ginger oil, chitosan microspheres, and urea-loaded microspheres. The morphology of the microspheres was better in lower oil concentrations. The release test showed urea diffused uniformly in the microspheres after 48 hours. It is concluded that controlled release fertilizers can be formulated using ginger oil.

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Release kinetic model of nitrogen released encapsulated in starch-alginate controlled released urea: Diffusion and its decay release

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Fabrication of hydrogel controlled-released Phosphorus encapsulated in starch-polyvinyl alcohol film

Fabrication of hydrogel controlled-released Phosphorus encapsulated in starch-polyvinyl alcohol film

A preliminary study of chemical property and thermal stability of potassium chloride encapsulated in starch-alginate matrix

Ginger extracted oil as an alternative for the emulsion to prepare chitosan microspheres for urea controlled release fertilizer

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